How to Build a 4 1 Balun Start to Finish with Mike and Callum

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so we're in the workshop today with mike  and uh my goodness we're building a fort   well mike is building a four to one balance  because he's good at doing things like that   we've decided to use three  of these one again ft 240 43s   and what's that wire let's think it's a 1.8  millimeter shellac or enamel coated copper wire   so we're going to make a four to one ballon  so we're doing 200 ohms down to 50 yeah or   a thousand ohms down to 250 exactly whatever all  right that's funny photographs you've got on there   are you going to tell them what the  difference is between a current ball   and the voltage balance yeah one  does current the oven does voltage this is a serious channel you can do this in a different in a number of  different ways okay we can literally double them   up like so and put the the turns through them or  we can use them like so and you make two multiples   i see um so i can show you that's a single way of  doing it where you put them on top of each other   or a single core um where you would you would  literally just um put the cores through both   sides of the toroite if you like and yeah and join  join a pair together yes or we can use multiple   versions where this is the more than one i think  we just uh stack them on top of each other i think   it's a simpler way of doing it and if i wanted  to be a bit paranoid on the qro could we just do   could we yeah yeah you can do some more and more  i i i think it would be fun to make a monster and   then i've got um we've got a box here i found in  my junk box which obviously bought for a project   good boy one of the common myths about um  shellac or enamel coated wire is it does not need   to be put inside additional plastic or pvc coated  wire to isolate it or insulate it from the cores   and that's because the cores  themselves don't conduct this is our center line we're going to turn cores  on this side cause on this side and then you'll   see how they're wired together afterwards all  right so this is your measuring tape isn't it this   is a measuring tape quite literally that because  i'm going to do what we've got now we've got one   two three and i think we're going to do four turns  side yeah i think four turns aside would be nice   and so what happens is i'm gonna do the first one  with a single piece of copper because that's gonna   join again and then literally come  back on itself to here right okay   um then do we have to wind another one rewind  another one on this side okay and then another   one on this side going in the opposite direction  right and that gives us the pair correct is the diameter of the wire important   for the current capability then the  obviously the the the thicker the   cable uh or the thicker the wire the more um  capacity the more current it can handle right i think it might become difficult  evident in a minute hopefully okay it's more like metal work isn't it yeah  and it must admit it hurts the fingers   with this size of wire i haven't seen live  without will hold the ferrites together i gotta leave enough gap because i  gotta wind another one beside it yeah what's it like having a cameraman it's a lot  easier than doing it balancing it on the shelf   to work today all the time  make sure you're in frame oh so is this do you buy that by like like  100 meters yeah yeah 100 meters of that you   actually buy it in weight rather than in  length okay so that's a kilogram or 1.5   kilograms that's a kilogram a kilogram of copper  yeah as a commodity of course you have to buy it   where did you get it from um that one's from uh bro cot dot co dot uk okay um it's i believe  the companies based in the north of the united   kingdom yeah um and i must admit they've always  been really good i've always bought my copper   wire from them and it's normally at my  premises within a day or two of purchasing it and this coating you were talking about   shellac or something shellac or enamel yeah  enamel yeah so are all in our enamels the same   um pretty much um it's basically a varnish yeah  for one of a better way of putting let's put on   the cable but in fact i mean that acts as  an insulator then yeah yeah literally that one two three four five one two three four  five primaries so that's the one that goes   to the center core and then to the shield and  then we're gonna wind the second one that goes   from the shield to the center core but the same  one also comes off here fine for the other side   of the just literally a transformer square  root and all of that right so i've lost my   wire but it's on the floor sir  behind you wear you through it all right i need to measure it again  but i'm gonna have to guesstimate it   should have cut it i know oh don't guesstimate  it that's a shame that's all it's only right right so we start basically  the other end same coil turns   and if you notice that hopefully  anyone's noticed but they're going   in the opposite directions to each other  yeah see oh my goodness yes all right it's kind of like a puzzle yeah now if i have um  gone one too many turns which is a possibility   we can always undo this one and join the nice  one and join it back up okay i think we should   be all right yeah so just to show them so  it's that's where you started isn't it yeah   so you're going to do the same  here only this one's going to be   it's got to go all the way around does it  yeah this one's got to go just the half so this these have to couple   yeah so i literally have to follow the other one  and because they're coated obviously insulated yes got it have we got enough we'll  find out when we get there   if if if not i should be cutting another  length for fire slightly longer sir oh this just got to get to one end yeah okay metal work yeah by mike yeah i haven't  cut enough i've got pillock i'm too short by that much oh no ah so  so i needed that much more   what do you want to do soldier a bit on no no take  it off and start again oh jeez it will look awful   i mean i have done it in the past well  i've just sewed it a bit on the end yeah   and then i've got loads and loads of  people moaning on the stream or on the uh   on the chat saying no you can't do that it'll get  hot and de-melt or desolder itself okay so so it's   safer to just put a new piece in all right i mean  we're talking what pencil yeah well i don't know   i thought it was like ten thousand meters yeah  yes i'm talking about a half a thousand pounds right so back to you've cut another  piece a bit longer this time just to start the ball rolling yeah yeah yeah it's  quite a long piece here isn't it drop that through we're tidy all up at towards the end so is  it important the amount of gap between each   yeah now we need to try to make the gaps constant  all the way around the around the cores yes um   so we're just feeding it through for now and  then pulling it through as tightly as we can   so that we don't have any you know spare yeah and  then we can do the wiggles then we can wiggle it   into play afterwards into place okay so you've  got a nice tight winding then yeah and chances   are you can move and then do to glue it or tape  it or you can do literally that you could put some   um some hot melt glue on it if  you want to keep them in place   you should find that once you've positioned  them and you've stuck it inside the box they   won't move anyway okay fine so this should only  get hot if it's over saturated like for instance   i like top band too much power or something  literally so i'll just show them back home then   so the original winding was was this one yep and  you've gone round and round and round and come out   there yep on this one and then what you're saying  is once we're all done we can then fiddle around   and we can close the coat yeah okay fine um you  know if we have a 200 ohm resistor somewhere   um we can put that across the one end and  literally um then connect it up to an swr meter   on the back of your radio and then you'd  key up on perhaps one watt or something   yeah just to see and then you literally just close  the uh open in the gaps to tune the uh oh two okay   fine if you really want it exactly a four  to one yeah if you don't mind if it's four   and a half to one or three point seven five to  one then nobody cares effectively right okay   all right right do you remember how  much we cut because i gotta do it again   no good job i got that bit then oh it  was a bit longer than this wasn't it okay same trick i make a little  jiggery poker at the end doing your metal work focus mike  focus did you say focus yeah hang on yeah don't cross the streams cool honestly i feel like bloody popeye come on olive looks really tough is this the last one yeah oh but got a finger now look at that  it's done that look oh my goodness right that looks pretty doesn't it it  does let's hope i've got it right   okay so i've just got the cup of tea on catalon  you're putting cable ties around now just to hold   i want to hold the ins and outs yeah  i want to hold the windings in the   in the right places yeah um i managed to miss that  one completely but i did good job of holding it   holding the toroids it's all right yeah uh  no it's okay it's uh it's caught up on the   inside of them if you can see that okay oh yeah  well that's all right which is important so   that's good i don't need to put another  one on the other side to hold that in play   and you can admire that for a few seconds  if you wish yes i think we should i'm just   tidying up mike and i are halfway through  building a four to one balloon and i just   realized i haven't really explained what it's for  so you would use a four to one balance normally   um to reduce yeah reduce your impedance so for  instance like um a one wavelength loop yeah yeah   uh that very often it's 200 ohms yeah yeah yeah  so you'd use a lot of these are 200 ohms so you   would connect your at the feed point you might  put something like this and then you put your   coax to it so you've got 200 ohms one end you've  got 50 ohms at the other end or if it was 400   ohms there you would have 100 ohms here correct  right so that's fine now i'm using this because sorry about this you have to go on instagram  to catch the rest of that if you want to see my   if you want to see mike singing he does  a good singing all about window panes   i'm using this because i'm going to  put some sort of random doublet up   on the trees outside and we just want  to get the impedance down so let's say   i don't know what the impedance is going to  be if it's going to be like a thousand ohms   this will bring it down to the end of the ladder  line down to that'll be 250 ohms then i'm going to   run some really fat coax to it and we'll just tune  the nuts off it in here so that's that's why we're   building this so what do you want these long nose  pliers for oh i see you are pinch up the middles   the middle so that they sit closer together  if you can if i can i might not be able to in which case i might have to tape them or  something so now we need to identify these two   are the um the 200 ohm end or the  400 ohm end yeah okay whatever end   yeah and this is the 50 ohm end yes so right  this is the original turning these two okay okay   and and this goes from um if my memory size  me well from the center core and this one   then connects to the shield all right okay  yes um this one connects to the center core   as well actually it might be the other way around  that might be the shield i'll have to identify   them yeah okay well that's fine well we've got  to test it so we'll do that in a minute basically   the idea is that yeah the um the center core goes  all the way around the coil and comes back on the   opposite coil and then connects up to the shield  yes okay um and the the center core on this side   goes straight out right and the um the shield  on this side goes straight out right does that   make sense yes okay good because it probably  makes a lot more sense to you than it did to me   perhaps put different colored tape  on the end so that we know what's hot   and what's not okay yeah what colors would  you like sir i've got some red and black   red and black we can do because that's hot and not very nice so of course there's two ways of taking the  enamel off you could scrape it with a a blade yep   or that's got a little sort of sandpapery thing  isn't it yeah on the dremel don't know can you   once it doesn't need to be that long that that  that connection does it no i mean depending on   where the so239 is and where you place it in  and it can be really uh okay but you might as   well yeah but i'm leave a tail as well yeah so i  just want it all to be really nice and neat okay   so you can like leave the longer one here and snip  that short one off um so yeah that's easy to get   to the two three it depends on how big the orifice  is in the 239 i suppose well i was hoping to be   able to put it put the whole thing in the middle  of it but we'll have a look in a minute or perhaps   yeah i'd wage i will yeah for now i'm just  going to straighten it out yeah okay um now   this one i'm going to do slightly differently  this is the um the shield connection yes i'll   make it all pretty obvious again in a minute yeah  um and we didn't need that in the end okay um and   what i'm going to do here i'm just going to place  it there and i'm going to actually going to turn   this on that one around you take  this out of the way actually on   on this one okay and then we drop some  solder on there in a minute we'll drop   some soda on it as you say and that'll  make it all nice and wonderful yeah i've done this once or twice nice nicely done  okay okay so this is so239 land yep this is the   shield yeah which i should bear some more back  up and and if the case is here you can see yeah   connect up to the bottom yeah we don't know  where it's going to be and this one will go   indeed lovely all right yeah excellent stuff let's  hope i got it right yeah really fine business as   they say in the ham radio world uh time for a cup  of tea yes indeed yeah let's hope i got that right yep good right do you think everybody  understands this circuit now   i'm not sure so let's shall we go through  it okay because we we untangled it to double   check didn't we so anyway so we'll we'll  bring the photograph up behind it so that   we can and let's hope i've got it right if not  i'm gonna look like an idiot oh you'll be fine   which is normal for me okay so hopefully  this one is the beginning yeah of this one   yeah but it won't be working here no or  here or ear yes correct okay so this one   is what we would term as being this hot one  here okay all right because it's not connected   to anything apart from the center core but it  will be in a minute yeah all right this one   it goes all the way from the earth  here all right and then connects back to this one yeah but we didn't need to connect  it because we wrapped it all the way around   is that right that's correct all right okay  so we've already connected that return path   to here yeah right and it's difficult to to so am  i right and saying this bit here that's the one   that's just turn it around so yeah show  them yeah oops so the long one yeah yeah   indeed is the bit that comes up yeah so i just  want to show them the speed so this bit here   we didn't need to connect it because we just  put a thing in there continued the same continue   that's fine yeah good right and this is the one  that comes all the way back and is this cable   right so this cable in this cable is the same  cable yeah okay that's fine then this one right same bloody cable as this one is this end if  that makes sense yeah okay fine all right right i   think that makes uh absolutely no sense whatsoever  it doesn't matter as long as it works it works   right i think it's a good idea so now what we  need to do is just do final happiness together   yeah all right wind them together which i've  already done once i've taken it apart so that i   could show you where the cable is fine right this  connects to the center core this connects up to   the to the shield and that's it it's as simple as  fine so it's just a bit of engineering now yeah i   can do that it says all right we'll come back to  them and i'll start preparing a box yes please okay the s239 is down at your work blank  one down at your body just a little just   the section yeah they're down there right  so get one of them a couple of washers oh thank you okay now then how are we going to connect inside here sorry that's right ring ring connector the mic's all set up now to connect to that i just  wanted to blank that off for and get that ready   excellent okay you happy with that looks good  yeah i think so do we need to get a soldering   iron out now yeah i'm gonna get that out of my  box and turn it on oh i've got this one here   oh even better i think what we  should do is plug it in mate   it's normally a really good idea if i  can find the lead you plug it in yeah   i'm plugging it in you plug it in i'm plugging it  in and plugging it in yeah yeah it's going in now   400 and 400 and somewhat million degrees 470  that's good nice and hot so this is like a   test fit then mike yep i'll just place it  all in without soldering obviously yeah and so what would i think what would do will be  clever clevers could yeah a little bit clever   oh i see you get you're making a an up and  over is that an up and under one of a minute   when i run up yeah we'll have to bend those down  a bit further i've got them a little bit too high   as you can see but uh general idea all right well  yeah i can cope with that all right okay mike so   we've had a bit of a break you have tindy ends now  yep both sides yeah bend it all into shape bent   shape so these four connectors you're thinking  we'll put these on before we put it in the box   yeah we can kind of measure where they're going  to go yeah and uh finally i'm gonna watch you make   a [ __ ] up then yep please do yeah i'll enjoy it  so i want to first and foremost solder apparently   it's got an l in it yeah soda as they say in  america yeah i'm gonna solder these onto here   first okay so i'm doing it this way so that i can  oh i see told me to come around the other side   yeah it might be a good idea yeah i like the idea  of having tools that help you rather than hinder   yeah do you read that's in the right place well  we'll find out when i put it in the box okay yeah you're just waiting for it to go right i like it but i want to put more solder  in the middle in in there okay that's going to   fall off if i try it yeah it is so we need to  prop it up we could use the metric adjustables would you want something underneath  the core now i should be fine come on come on baby there we go i'll  do the same on the other one right trying to get you in focus  here mate yeah come on heat and you're starting to go in though excellent that one that's got a center i reckon that's pretty successful okay right  fun time i'll come back around this way this looks so easy on the map it does isn't it   like all these things and just simply  slip the bolts through the holes like so captain and then we've just said then simply sold the  transformer to the so2 39. right okay this  

is looking good what have we gotten that i'll  just have a nice little picture there for the   people back home showing the bolts obviously  we haven't done them up tight yet the bolts   secure them so i'll just stick yeah nuts and bolts   lovely he says i can't even get  the thread in my hand tell you what he's done it he's done it yeah it's gonna be  difficult for me to film this so what i might have   to do is so well we'll see what you can see what  he's trying to do is that this tail at the bottom   he's going to try and put on that earth lug there  we are and this did you notice i used the word try   yeah yes and then the centers we're  going to try and get on the center try just like that all right so uh just make that  a bit more oh nice right do you want me to hold   that if you like i wanna i'm just gonna tin them  first but uh i'm gonna tin them a little bit first   okay gobson soda exactly how do they say  the word solder in america because in the uk   we definitely say solder don't we yes but  in america they they leave the l out solder   so it's almost a silent l jump major well you can  poke that instead how about that oh okay so i'm   the solder man you you play with the solder right  you're gonna we're in the center for a center push away that's it yeah but i'm  running out of weak fingers okay   away i'm just waiting for it to  melty it's frozen again hang on   that's where yeah we are okay take it  away i'm trying to take away take away that's a lot of solder on that but it'll be fine same down here yes please come it's a nice how  much was your soldier it looks expensive this i don't think i said if you if you're watching in black and white  yeah the red one it's there behind the red one   we are evil to ourselves right here we go this  is a hot glue land hot glue and what we do is   we'll melt it into that corner down there if  there's such a thing as a corner on a circle like that it's hot enough yeah  you just want to let it set now   yep that's it and that's it that's it he's in done   yeah i go with that goodness gracious me that is  hot that glue in it is it yeah so when that hit   that seals up that will just stop it it's done  rattling around don't it's done happy as larry my goodness what a ballon you see i  would consider that to be handmade how do we test it that's a  good point though do we test it   we haven't got any gear here you've got your  analyzer yes so if we put it on a 50 ohm feed yes   it should in theory be 12. yes 12 and a  half yeah where do we get 50 ohms from   antenna oh okay yeah i see  what you mean or a dummy load i have got a tummy load but  i don't know where it is   we'll use the anterior oh i've  got another four to one ballon that's confused wasn't it i didn't say i don't want this balance we're  only doing this to make a video no i wanted a dog's nuts good boy django what is that i think i think i've got four to one balance  coming out my ears here i've told you i've   got adhd and lose everything i literally lose  everything are we gonna tell them what we're doing   we're trying to create a 200 ohm load by stringing  up a 10 meter loop inside the factory battery that   should be fun i'm gonna need the end of that loop  in a minute yeah certainly what you do for a hobby what are you doing up there come down here so we've got about there we are goes  along to there down to the 200 iron   the 4 to 1 band we should get if we get anything  between about 60 and 80 ohms out of this   where did i put the stick there's your stick so  about 30 megahertz give or take this should be now i actually can't remember how this works  okay well how do i do auto ah good question   exactly oh i should have bought mine  ham there we are we're at 31 megahertz   i'm at 30 ohms so it probably works it's  probably a hundred and sitting at 120 ohms   i'd agree with that give or take  right it's definitely transforming   i'll tell you what every time i use this  i feel like dave castler the dx kavanagh okay well it's doing something then i mean until  we do a formal test outside you know with the   right gear yeah so what do we do put the gasket  on top seal it up should we drill a drain hole   uh do you know what i'm not a fan of that  oh you're not right no why it's supposedly   well i'm just going to swap sides with you  because there's better lighting from here   yeah i know it's not um hermatically sealed  because we've obviously drilled a hose oh   good point yeah but you know what when it's  connected if you just stick a load of silicon   over the joints yeah but what i've heard  it happens is it cools down it sucks air in   and then when it heats up it condenses yeah  i hear you but then there's nothing inside   there anyway that's going to be have adversely  affected by a little bit of condensation or   water i don't think okay um i mean i i might  be wrong and i'm sure some of the guys out   there in youtube land will correct me or will  know better yeah um the last three or four um 64 to ones that i've made i've not bothered  putting a drain hole in the bottom of them   and they've been up for four or  five uh years now hours hours four or five days yeah they've  had no problems all right   you know you're gonna snip  that now aren't you yeah slightly long oh white out there right slightly  long so that i can push it in okay and make   a better seal at the base yeah doesn't it  right thank you the screws are here now if   you really are gonna be worried about the um  the hose should be sort of their-ish anyway   um not in the sunlight it should be at  the very very bottom yeah because you're   mounting it that way up so if any water  is going to regress it's going to aggress or condensation yeah and i would seriously  just cover the base of it with a bit of   silicon stopping okay maybe but each one to  their own right yeah you're going to need that many that many screws just in case you hadn't realized when  callum and i get together to play   it's actually 90 percent stupidity jokes 10 real wonder we ever get anything done or  made well we don't this is quite unusual by the way if you want a little bit more  of mike go and see his channel as well   or just search mike dash m0msn that right that's  your channel isn't it mike it certainly is and if   you want any more of callum you just keep watching  this one go to the internet and put in m0msn now this has got to be one of the biggest  four to one balance ever made isn't it surely   i mean he weighs about five pounds it's got three  three two three kilos um and uh someone's gonna   tell us we've used the wrong mix yeah they're  43 aren't they these 43s yeah that'd be fine   three of them probably better off with a 31  mix but these would be fine yeah it's only   to give my tuna an easier time coming down from  this fake doublet you know we need the crowning   piece of glory on the front of this now oh a  dance commander sticker we certainly do right   i think they only need one sticker then we  you'd be a bit ridiculous having more than one   should be on the top of the lid yes central yes mike thank you very much for  making this ladies and gentlemen   round of applause for young mike here  remember to go see his channel m0msn   in the meantime it's good night from me and  it's a good night from him a very good night   where's the next video coming oh it's there  there it's in the middle okay there just so   makes videos in the middle all the best bye-bye  who was that the two ronnies that's it we both

2022-04-08

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