Exploring Ancient Egyptian Wonders: Pyramids, Temples and Divine Monuments
foreign [Music] foreign [Music] plateau in Egypt a few kilometers from the city of Cairo Giza is a city on the Left Bank of the Nile at its Delta in the North [Music] Giza is world renowned for its immense necropolis and its very famous and Great Pyramids those of chaops kefren and mccarinos the Great Pyramid of chaops with its sides aligned to the four cardinal points measures over 230 meters at its base for a perimeter of 922 meters it weighs about 5 million metric tons each brick of polished Limestone weighing an average of 2.5 metric tons 137 meters tall it dominates the Giza plateau the Pyramid of chaops built under the ancient empire during the fourth Dynasty around 2650 BC is the Great Pyramid the tallest Pyramid in Egypt and until the beginning of the 20th century it was also the largest the highest and the most massive Monument ever constructed for two thousand years this Pyramid has been one of the Seven Wonders of the World if the site stuns it is still relatively recently that the scholars of the 19th century consider themselves incapable of reproducing the technical achievements of such works of art theories began to appear as they tried to get to the bottom of the Mysteries but the pyramid is above all a tomb and represents one of the purest and most abstract works of art ever conceived the Pyramid of chaops is part of a larger funeral complex making up the funeral Temple an ensemble composed of these pyramids the Queen's pyramids three other smaller ones and many mastabas grouped into three cemeteries [Music] little is known of chaop's Reign only one Ivory statuette in his honor about 10 centimeters high has remained he was the son of King sneferu and Queen head to fairies first and is considered by many to have been one of the greatest pharaohs of ancient Egypt [Music] mutation to his architectural exploits among others being the Great Pyramid that took 20 years and 20 000 workers to build today it is considered to be perfection in construction and architecture the entrance to the pyramid is 15.63 meters high and has above it a system of evacuation with arcs and monolithic beams today we have access to the infrastructures by a hole that was made by caliph al-mamoon in 820. it was dug a few meters below the official entrance and gives out on the ascending corridor the smooth covering of the pyramid was already in place by this time and hid the presence of the original closing this entrance was closed by Rolling a stone the siding originally composed a fine Limestone has almost entirely disappeared there are only a few blocks remaining resting on the stones at the base unlike that of the Pyramid of kefren the son of chaops which has been much better preserved during their Heyday the pyramids must have been majestically brilliant under the sun the Pyramid of chaops is part of a larger complex made up of the pyramids of his son kefran and his grandson mikarinas micarinos is the Greek name of the ruler menkar under the fourth dynasty of the ancient Egyptian Empire he reigned from approximately 2490 to 2473 BC and succeeded kefren as did his father and grandfather nicarinos was dedicated to the idea of constructing a pyramid at Giza his is the smallest of the three Great Pyramids of the plateau [Music] this pyramid farther south is only a tenth of the size of the Pyramid of chaops it was 66 meters tall and its side 108.
the funerary complex also includes three pyramids of Queens and Chaos had also included a tomb for his mother hadep Hadis the first the Pyramid of Catherine is the best preserved of the three the base of the pyramid is a square of 250 meters per side and it Rose to 144 meters when it was constructed [Music] it was coated with Limestone siding which only remains at its Summit [Music] till the 19th century the history of the exploration of the Pyramid of capren was often confused with out of chaops to have the first description of the pyramids we turn all the way back to the Greek historian Herodotus at the death of chaops the royal Reign came to his son Kevin the son followed in his Father's Footsteps and constructed a pyramid himself that in all honesty did not reach the dimensions of that of Chaos the Giza Sphinx is the statue that stands before the Great Pyramids of the plateau 73 meters long 21 meters high and 14 meters wide the Sphinx is a Monumental sculpture carved into a natural Headland of solid rock it is ethereanthropic Statue because it shows the intertwining to Mystical lens of man and animal its head faces the East the Sphinx's body is that of a reclining or kushan lion and its head that of a ruler wearing the nemes or headcloth emblematic of the Pharaohs decorated with a ureas the Cobra on the forehead for a long time it has been identified with the Pharaoh kafra the son of chaos and the face might be that of chaos himself several Clues support this such as the headdress the breadth of his chin the form of his ears or his ceremonial beard it is at the foot of the Sphinx opposite the pyramids that Napoleon Bonaparte who later became the emperor of France famously declared soldiers from the top of these pyramids 40 centuries looked down upon you [Music] dandera lies in Egypt on the banks of the Nile River around 65 kilometers to the north of Luxor begun under the reign of the last Ptolemy the Temple of tendera was finished during the Roman empire under the emperor Nero around the year 60 A.D its main Temple dedicated to the goddess hathor is the largest covering some forty thousand square meters it is also one of the most well-preserved temples of the site if not the best in all of Egypt it is also one of the most well decorated of the ptolemaic era in Egyptian mythology hathor is the goddess of love beauty music motherhood and joy [Music] the ancient Greeks identify hathor as the goddess Aphrodite and the Romans as Venus in Egypt the goddess of the power of femininity was Isis but though the two goddesses were initially in competition they were merged in the later periods and we see representations of Isis with a haircut of hathor appear hathor is generally represented as a goddess cow with horns between which the solar discs and ureas appear dondera Temple is different from other Greco-Roman temples because it possesses neither Monumental pylons nor a porticoat courtyard four columns with capitals ornament the facade and when access is the temple by entering directly into the hypo style Hall the four heads of haththor ornamenting the capitals of each column proclaim the Universal Character of the goddess the scenes show the Triad of hathor Horus and their son parsumptus who is offered the Lotus which is linked to the Rising Sun at certain hours of the day the light skimming the architrave allows one to better contemplate the diverse divinities making offerings who Advance towards the centrally located symbol of the goddess the winged solar disk the hypo style Hall was decorated at the beginning of our era under the Reigns of the Roman emperors Augustus and Nero 18 hathoric columns support the ceiling the capitals of which featured the face of the Goddess hathor on four sides wearing a heavy wig and capped by a Systrom her favorite musical instrument these plant-like columns evoke the night in which the moon hides they represent the primordial swamp from which all creation Springs the source of all life all of the columns and all of the inner walls are covered by magnificent hieroglyphs the colors of which are still preserved underneath the Dust the ceiling of the hyperstyle hall is divided by arshatraves into seven spans they are a base for astronomic representations the diurnal trajectory of the Sun the nocturnal trajectory of the Moon the 12 hours of the day and night and even eclipses astronomy is linked to The Cult of hathor and the priests closely followed the movements of the stars as a way of establishing a precise calendar of religious celebrations another span shows the lunar calendar divided in 14 characters representing the phases of the Moon [Music] [Music] [Music] the Moon is represented by the eye [Music] in the sanctuary they put the boat's destined for the goddess as well as her statues the bar reliefs depict a succession of daily religious rights the king had to accomplish like breaking the seals of the door worshiping hathor or offering her incense of course the king himself could not accomplish all these rights on his own these are the priests who acted as his substitutes for the task [Music] foreign [Music] small very narrow corridors built into the width of the walls or the foundations lead to small size decorated rooms the Crips hidden places exclusively reserved for priests these rooms arranged in several levels serve to store Divine and sacred objects the Treasures of the temple religious materials and the archives [Music] within the width of the wall there is also a staircase that allows access to the roof halfway up the stairs the procession would stop in order for the priest to complete all the rituals celebrating the union of the goddess hathor to the solar disk the roof of the temple was topped by the kiosk of the disk laid out on a rectangle with its 12 columns pointing hathor's face to the four cardinal directions this is where the celebration of the new year was held each year with the Rising Sun as part of the ceremony called the Union to the disc they would transport the statue of hathor to the roof of the temple so that it could be regenerated by the solar rays of her father Raw [Music] foreign the ceiling shows a famous map of the sky the constellations and the deccans which is known as the dundera zodiac this is the only example of a circular representation of a zodiac in ancient Egypt the dondera zodiac is a map of the Stars projected on a plane it shows the 12 constellations of the zodiac the 36 deccans and the planets some of these are represented in the same forms as those of their familiar names for example those of Aries Taurus Scorpio Capricorn or Leo this site is extraordinarily well preserved with its colored religious bowel reliefs [Music] the Colossal site of Karnak is one of the largest religious complexes in the world with an incredible architectural diversity situated on the right Bank of the Nile River to the north of Luxor the complex extends over two square kilometers the complex classified as a UNESCO world heritage site is made up of a number of temples which are grouped into three separate enclosures in former times there was a landing Jetty to which tugboats and vessels used for the animal Grand ceremonies on the Nile would more [Music] Jetty extends into the dromos this is a processional Alleyway on either side are cryosphinxes and between their legs are statuettes which originally bore the names tutmosis IV and a minotep III Ramses II had them replaced with his own name to pass through the enclosure wall you have to go through the first pylon which leads into the first Courtyard in a sight of this sort where time and space gradually start to blur archaeologists struggle to unravel the puzzle to understand which of the stones from the ancient monuments have been reused and where here and there we find the ruins of two small temples a courtyard or even more ancient monuments of the many buildings of the complex only a few remain a triple bark Shrine for the barks of Amun ra Moot and consoo attributed to seti II and the remains of a kiosk that of tarco a Nubian pharaoh of the 7th Century BC foreign [Music] meter column which stood in the center of the courtyard is the last remaining trace of the kiosk which once had 10 papriform pillars connected by Stone architraves supporting a simple wooden floor [Music] Pharaoh's sacred bark was kept under this [Music] the second pylon is preceded by a vestibule in front of which stood colossal statues in pink granite one was usurped by pinagm a high priest who later became Pharaoh but it is actually thought to date back to the air of Ramses II the Golden Age of the Temple the left hand statue is 15 meters high and at its feet stance into the smaller statue showing Pharaoh's wife or daughter at the back of the great Courtyard stands the second pylon it is about 100 meters wide and close to 30 meters tall undertaken by Harem HEB in around 1 300 BC with some of the stone coming from an earlier structure in the akinaton construction of the second pylon was completed by Ramses II and its decoration by Ramses III it was restored and extended one thousand years later during the ptolemaic period like the Temple of seti II the Temple of Ramses III was built well before the construction of the final external wall of the site of Karnak at the time it stood outside of the religious complex on the facade we see a depiction of the king massacring his defeated enemies as well as an image of the godaman to whom the temple is dedicated the entrance to the temple is by way of the small pylon framed by two Royal colossi the building is made up of a courtyard surrounded on three sides by a peristile decorated with 16 statues of the Pharaoh besides the courtyard the Temple of Ramses III consists of a vestibule a hyper-style hall and three chapels intended to house the sacred barks of the Triad of Amman the most majestic part of the Temple of Amman is the hyperstyle hall located between the second and third pylons made up of 134 Monumental columns it resembles a gigantic Papyrus they get carved in stone originally it would have been covered by a roof with light filtering in through lattice Windows some of which are still in place the inscriptions are still visible on the columns most of which are still standing an incredibly rich source of information for historians The Columns are perfectly aligned on the central axis of the cements hall 103 meters long and 53 meters wide The Columns were roughly 23 meters tall they increase from a circumference of 10 meters to 15 meters at the top where the capitals open up into flowers the supports for the side aisles are 15 meters tall with a circumference of about 8 meters [Music] in other words lots of space for text the inscriptions on the columns recount the sagas and exploits of several pharaohs engraved into the stone they are there for all to read the challenge is deciphering them [Music] thank you [Music] foreign [Music] the area beyond the third Gateway was the four Court of the Temple of Amman with a Monumental pylon the fourth and two pairs of obelisks the Obelisk which is still standing the work of tutumosis the first is an immense block of Monolithic Granite 22 meters high and weighing around 140 tons the other monoliths were pulled down and transferred to the major cities of the Roman Empire where they were Shattered by earthquakes [Music] then after a string of rooms some better preserved than others we arrive at the holy of holies the chapel altar of amonra was built during the Greek era in the 4th Century BC it replaced another identical one in pink Granite which was probably severely damaged it opens on to the Divine axis at both ends at the height of his popularity Amman was associated with ra the sun god forming the cosmic God among ra the Eternal the Lord of Karnak and creator of all things who exists permanently in all things [Music] [Music] Jewel of the Nile structured for the most part under the 18th and 19 dynasties in the 14th century BC the Temple of Luxor or Opeth in the south is an Egyptian Temple dedicated to the cult of Ammon it is located on the side of the ancient city Thebes the capital of the Empire which has also held the Karnak temple in the North dedicated to the Divine Triad of Thebes Amon moot his wife and konsu their son the Luxor temple functioned in partnership with that of Karnak to which it was linked with path lined with sphinxes a dromos over two kilometers long and bordered by 700 sphinxes with those close to Luxor in the image of the Pharaohs each year during the Festival of opet the god Amman would take this path to go to his Southern Harem in a grandiose procession [Music] [Music] the oldest currently visible parts of the temple date back to amenotep III it was later Modified by Ramses II who notably added six Monumental statues and two obelisks one of which was offered to France in 1831 and has stood in the place de la Concord in Paris since then the great pylon entrance measures 65 meters wide and 24 meters high its two Mass thieves were originally covered by a white primer decorated with precious metal plaques and sculpted decorations painted with Vivid colors four baboons and poses of adoration are carved onto the pedestal of the pink Granite Obelisk that remains in place this Obelisk stands about 26 meters high and weighs around 230 tons its pyramidial Summit was covered by a sheet of electrum an alloy of 80 gold and 20 silver which sparkled in the sunlight symbolizing the Sun God Ra [Music] Luxor Temple was conceived according to a classical plan crossing the pylon through a narrow door the procession which came from Karnak with the solar boat of the god Ra would first cross this Courtyard before getting to the sanctuary with the statuette of the God was kept in the precious Mouse this first Courtyard built under Ramses II is surrounded by porticos including a double roll of 74 massive columns that were called those of Karnak with smooth bases and closed papyrus-shaped capitals the south end of Courtyard is also ornamented by colossal statues that alternate with The Columns 11 giant statues on foot and two colossal statues sitting the majority of them were sculpted in Granite and they all carried the name Ramses II the Colossal statue materializes two facets of the king the human and the divine the role of the Colossal statue is the cult the elevation of the king to divinity Ramses II was a great theologian he adopted for himself the initiative of the monotheistic Cult of the sun begun by Akhenaten but he also preserved the traditional religions while working to develop a religion Without Borders based on his own person he continued to favor the temples of the great gods of the Empire Amun ra TA or Osiris in order to bring the people together he bestowed a splendor without equal to temples and Cults to Gods all over two more sitting colossal statues in the form of Ramses the Great precede the entrance of the great processional Colonnade the reliefs on the lateral walls of the pathway date back to Tutankhamun and ormeib in the 14th century BC they show the official Festival of opet this celebration took place during the second month of the flood season in a ceremonial boat pulled by A procession from the Nile River during its growth the theben Triad of Amman his wife Moot and their son konsu would travel from Karnak Temple to Luxor Temple surrounded by soldiers musicians and dancers foreign taking on his fertile form amen mean the phallic rediscovered his vigor and then at the end of the celebrations that would last 11 days he would return to Karnak This Time by way of the great dromos still in the company of his Divine family built around the sanctuary of Amen mean Luxor Temple was consecrated to the mystery of life that the god almond in the form of the beneficent Nile River renewed each year the colonide leads to the second hyper-style Courtyard [Music] but let's go back to ancient times and another room with representations of the Gods located nearby at the end of the Temple this small room with four columns held the table of offerings here during the 15 days of the Festival of opet priests followed each other in leaving the diverse fresh victuals that were necessary for the festivities of the Gods the decorations show amenotep III paying tribute to God and receiving the crown of Egypt from the hands of his Divine father Amon [Music] the rooms leading up to the naus recommemorate the myth of the king's Supernatural origin in graven images Amon will once again marry moot who will again give birth to kansu a ritual where the Pharaoh will also be reborn from his father Aman thus each new Reign favored the beginning of a new cycle furthermore this allowed a celebration of the permanence of the royal function periodically renewed by Amon this was in fact the major function of such a temple [Music] thank you [Music] on the Left Bank of the Nile 755 kilometers south of Cairo between Aswan and Luxor is edfu the God of this city was a falcon God and its Temple is devoted to The Cult of Horus this is the greatest and biggest temple of the ptolemaic dynasties in other words from the Greek period around 300 BC 137 meters long 79 meters wide and with pylons of 36 meters it is one of the best preserved temples in Egypt dedicated to the Triad composed of the father Horus his wife hathor and their son harsimotus before the masted entrance our two gray Granite statues of the Falcon God The Cult of Horus that which is above is one of the oldest of Egypt it dates back to prehistoric times Horus is a god of many facets he is the celestial Falcon whose right eye is the Sun and whose left eye is the Moon he is also Horus of the Horizon in a constant race with ra the son of the morning and the son of the night and in the Assyrian myth Horus is the son of Osiris and Isis Osiris assassinated by his brother Seth is brought back to life to unite once again with ISIS from this miraculous Union was born Horus son of Isis beyond the great pylon the great paved Courtyard is surrounded on three sides by a gallery of columns the last of which are topped with capitals Composites florals and open tops with their trunks entirely decorated with stories of the king before the gods all the columns are different the Temple's inscriptions provide important information since they detail the acts of daily worship to Horus and the ceremonies of the four greatest annual celebrations walls and columns tell of the different rights and rituals [Music] we see the falucas as they go up the Nile or not with or without their sails the decorations of the courtyard are based on the celebrations of hathor and Taurus but also of the divinities linked to Horus in one way or another here the wall is decorated with bar reliefs evoking the sacred ceremonies of the Pharaoh at the back stands a superb statue of Horus the Falcon wearing the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt carved from a block of gray Granite this statue guards the entrance to the sanctuary the facade of the pronounce is formed by six columns with palmed and floral capitals between which are low walls separating the interior Court of the Temple before entering this part of the temple the king had to be purified the facade release represent this ritual realized by Horus and Toth [Music] feeling of the vestibule is supported by 12 columns with varying capitals decorated with flowers and Palms [Music] above the door is a winged disc framed by ureas representing Horus on the side walls of the vestibule we can read that the first stone of this Temple was placed the seven epiphy of year 10 of the reign of Ptolemy III making it August 23 237 BC going towards the temple the floor Rises the ceiling's lower and the light diminishes making the sanctuary an obscure and mysterious place at the back of the vestibule is the entrance to the Hippa style Hall supported by 12 columns here we see the 12 nocturnal hours of the day on the walls of this room as on the sides of the first type of style Hall serving as the vestibule scenes of offerings parades like surgical activities and many of Egypt's divinities are honored on the north wall we see a procession of divine parks of hathor and Taurus leaving the hyperstyle hall we go to the offering room as its name states it is here that the Divine offerings were placed on the altars and sideboards [Music] one of the chapel surrounds the sanctuary that houses a replica of the Sacred bark the divinities were carried by bar to visit other gods and other temples during Majestic processions the room gives off a strong Mystical Force a granite Temple of four meters high still stands at the center of the sanctuary here the Effigy of Horus decorated and Anointed with bombs receives offerings three times a day accompanied by music and prayers in the morning after having gone up the stairs to the Chella the great priest broke the seals that had been placed the night before opening the two doors to awaken the Divine statue and allow it to begin its daily tasks of creation at night he closed the cedar doors sealed them Anew and retired by walking backwards after having erased all traces of his footsteps with the help of a broom [Music] between the temple and the surrounding wall a corridor isolates the temple from the outside world this one is adorned with scenes from The Myth of Horus in which the God had to prove through many trials that he was deserving of the Egyptian throne many great celebrations are represented the fertility ceremonies of the Nile which are linked to the annual visit of hathor from dendera where she comes to reunite with her husband in the Christian era the temple was transformed into a church explaining the destruction of part of the release the West Wall tells the story of horus's combat against set a hippopotamus and the murder of his father Osiris to avenge the death of his father Horace confronts him and wins the battle thus inheriting the Egyptian throne the contrary of set who represents violence and Chaos Horus represents order and like all pharaohs he's the guarantor of universal Harmony in Egypt it is this belief that bathes the Nile Valley [Music] in southern Egypt along the Nile 40 kilometers to the north of Aswan is comombol from the Greek ombos meaning city of gold a medium-sized town during the pharonic era it grew into a substantial Metropolis by the ptolemaic era after the year 300 BC its Temple became one of the most important in the Nile Valley this Temple was extended and replaced an older smaller Sanctuary constructed more than one thousand years earlier a double wall was built bringing all of the buildings into one enclosure to this day all of the walls and corridors of this Temple are covered with reliefs some of which still have traces of color [Music] thank you [Music] unusually the combo Temple is a double Temple dedicated to two distinct Triads that of Horus and that of Sobek the crocodile God [Music] Sobek is the god of water charged with irrigating the crops the presence of crocodiles in the Nile was a sign of high water levels which brought plentiful harvests in those days the crocodile was seen as a sacred animal the present-day Temple was built by the ptolemies but was extended and abolished many times during the Roman era the courtyard for example was built by Tiberius and the pylon by domitian not much remains of these extensions because the erosion of the East bank has caused several structures to Disappear Completely the embankment collapsed as did the mamisi part of the surrounding wall disappeared and the temple lost its roof [Music] going back towards the temple we walked the length of the sanctuary wall which is engraved with depictions of offerings and tributes evidence of the country's wealth and power [Music] [Music] the pilot of the mission was built during the Roman era and was severely damaged it features scenes of domission making offerings to the Gods [Music] [Music] foreign Temple was dedicated to the Cults of two Gods both equally important Horus the falcon-headed God and Sobek the crocodile God these two Divine entities represented two of the elements essential to all life in Egypt Sobek was connected with water and Horus with light [Music] the whole Temple is separated in two the northern part is dedicated to Horus and the southern half to Sobek each of the parallel halves of the monument has its own separate entrance but they connect transversely a complicated series of doors make it possible to isolate or connect the two sanctuaries for different occasions foreign area the first type of style Hall has a facade which is decorated with the name of Ptolemy XII surrounded by Toth and Horus in a purification scene [Music] [Music] the ceiling is decorated with cosmographical representations and is supported by two rows of five lotiform columns [Music] the room its columns and walls are entirely covered with scenes of worship and all of the divinities of the site are featured the second type of style Hall has exactly the same layout as the first and amongst the divinities depicted is the god hathor on leaving the hyperstyle Halls we enter the three intermediary rooms or vestibules at either end of the vestibules are two lateral rooms which probably contain the temple treasures and the stores of offerings foreign [Music] depending on which side of the temple you're in it is dedicated to either Sobek or Horus [Music] as you approach the holiest of holies the ceilings are covered with magnificent colored relics here in honor of Horus [Music] thank you [Music] at the back of the temple the two sanctuaries devoted to Horus and Sobek stand side by side in fact come oboe was divided in two by an imaginary line a religious and mystical barrier just like the Nile Valley which is one of the greatest of Mankind's civilizations foreign [Music] Egypt in the Nile Valley among the numerous temples and tombs left there by the different pharonic dynasties that were later restored the Temple of filet is unique in that it was moved Stone by Stone after the British built the first Aswan Dam in 1894 the annual rise of the Nile river floods the island of Phile 10 months out of the year the temples and other structures on the island were either partially or fully submerged by water [Music] plans of how to save the site were discussed and the chosen solution was similar to that which had been employed at Abu simbel a few years earlier dismantling the ruins and reconstructing them in a site about 300 meters away ajilkia Island is located about 300 meters from the original Island foreign town of Philly there was a Temple dedicated to Isis its construction was begun by nichtanebo the first one of the first Egyptian pharaohs and finished by the Romans the temple was dedicated to the cult of the goddess and attended by the Nubian Community until the mid-6th century when Emperor Justinian ordered it to be transformed into a Coptic Church [Music] Isis was the mother goddess of the Egyptian cult she was woman wife and Universal mother goddess of marriage and of children as a magician who had brought her husband Osiris back from the dead she was seen as a Healer and protector of children 18 meters tall the first pylon stood at the entrance to the Temple's sacred enclosure it was nectanebo the First's Grand Gateway topped with a winged disc and decorated with a series of depictions of offerings featuring Horus hathor and Isis that was badly damaged during the Christian era on the second pylon which is 30 meters wide and 14 meters high the king officiates before Horus and Isis it was during the ptolemaic era that the cult of Isis and Osiris started to spread southwards the first Courtyard leading up to the first pylon of the grand Temple of Isis contains a number of different structures on the right an unfinished Portico from the Roman era made up of a facade of 16 columns leads to a series of minor sanctuaries dedicated to Aaron sufis mandulis and Imhotep the second Courtyard is boarded on the western side by the mamisi dedicated to Isis the ancient and to the east is a Colonnade which opens onto five rooms including the library and the laboratory where they mixed perfumes the central door and the second pylon leads to the holiest area of the building and opens on to the hypo style Hall this room is lit by an opening in the ceiling at the back of the second pylon the 10 columns are richly decorated with scenes of worship and offerings this was a tribute to Isis the most beautiful goddess of all on one of the columns is the Cartouche of Cleopatra III and despite what some guides might claim there are absolutely no cartouches of the Cleopatra VII the one with the big nose the holy of holies the most secret part of the temple bathed in Shadow greatly complex it comprises 12 rooms and equipped the rooms are all ornaments with liturgical scenes and scenes of offerings related to the myth of Isis and Osiris [Music] the shrine itself lies deep inside in the central room the naos Sheltering the statue of the goddess [Music] you can still see the pedestal for isis's bark made of red granite here once again the walls are literally covered with magnificent ritual scenes the lithic art of filet at its best [Music] Egyptian mythology says that in the beginning Osiris ruled the Nile with his sister and wife Isis Osiris was a good wise King and Egypt prospered but Isis and Osiris had a jealous brother set the king of the desert who wanted to take the place of Osiris one night set invited Osiris and Isis to dinner and brought out a magnificent sarcophagus promising to give it to the one who could fill it several Nobles tried without success then came Osiris's turn and he laid down in the sarcophagus hardly imagining that it had been designed specifically for his dimensions treacherous set closed his brother in the sarcophagus and threw it into the Nile Isis left to search for her husband her Voyage led her to the place of King biblos across the seas but set discovered it cut it into 14 pieces and dispersed them into the Nile Isis persevering found them all and then after having put the pieces of her husband back together she brought the body back to life the god Horus was born from this love since that day Isis cries every year for the death of her husband and Legend has it that the Nile floods because it is full of her tears [Music] this myth is depicted by the reliefs on the naus at the Temple of filet the Temple of love [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music]
2023-05-11 22:36
