Tesla enters into a partnership with an Innovative new battery Tech firm Magnus Energy Technologies an intriguing new Battery Technology business with headquarters in Australia and Tesla have agreed to a partnership it might develop into a significant business Ally for the automaker but what exactly is the component of the new battery let's find out and other Tesla updates hello everyone welcome back to Elon Musk Evolution where we bring you the most recent news about Elon Musk and his multi-billion dollar companies space news and the latest science and technology but before we begin make sure you subscribe to our Channel and click the Bell icon so you don't miss any of our amazing videos today Magnus revealed that it had partnered with Tesla in an arrangement for the off take of anode active materials or aam Magnus Energy Technologies limited is pleased to announce that it has entered into a Binding off take agreement with Tesla for the supply of aam beginning in February 2025 with fixed price amazing in Tanzania the business is building a graphite mine from which it hopes to obtain ultra high Purity natural flake graphite a minimum of 17500 TPA will be purchased by Tesla starting in February 2025 and the manufacturer has the option to acquire up to 35 000 TPA for a minimum of three years at a set price according to the terms of the agreement nevertheless what's remarkable about this situation is that Tesla isn't merely purchasing graphite for Magnus the transaction entailed Magnus constructing a U.S plant to generate the processed anode material which it intends to purchase and which is based on the graphite the agreement is conditional on Magnus securing a final location for its commercial aam Facility by 30 June 2023 producing aam from a pilot plant by 31 March 2024 commencing production from the commercial aam Facility by 1 February 2025 and customer qualification a vertically integrated lithium-ion battery technology and materials firm is how Magnus describes itself the company is a member of the Imperium III New York Consortium of businesses which is constructing a gigafactory for lithium-ion battery cells in New York in addition to its graphite mining operation in Tanzania the Magnus is also a partner and shareholder of c4v a battery cell technology company situated in New York all of these connections to us-based battery projects may be helpful to Tesla as the manufacturer looks to procure a sizable quantity of battery cells to meet its goal of producing 20 million electric vehicles annually by 2030 and now let's dig deeper into the components of EV batteries it's okay if you or a child today's age when you first learned the difference between an anode and a cathode whether we're servicing a water heater or replacing our own car or boat batteries the majority of us don't often deal with these Concepts therefore there's no need to look any further if you're seeking for a story that clarifies the distinction in simple terms here we'll go over what an anode is what a cathode is how they both function and when and when to use them let's start now when we talk about the negative electrode material we're talking about the raw materials used to make the negative electrode of a battery the negative electrode of a Lithium-Ion battery is constructed of a paste glue that is equally applied to both sides of copper foil cured and rolled the paste glue may be made of carbon or non-carbon negative electrode active materials the creation of negative electrode materials with the ability to reversibly de-intercalate lithium ions is crucial for the successful manufacturing of Lithium-ion batteries what is lithium battery material a secondary battery or lithium battery is a battery that contains lithium metal the term lithium battery originally referred to a single-use battery that included lithium metal yet because lithium metal has such a high energy density in this kind of battery it was later refined to lithium-ion secondary batteries which can be recharged and are frequently employed in a variety of electronic 3C devices since the development of lithium batteries pure lithium metal has been the best anode material since it contains no inert Mass yet it is simple for dendritic lithium dendrites to grow during the charging process which could lead to an internal short circuit and pose a major safety risk in recent years both carbon and non-carbon actives have undergone extensive research to achieve excellent performance and their properties also have a big impact on battery energy density especially in the market for electric vehicles Innovative anode materials have been created based on the electrochemical energy storage principle lithium-ion secondary batteries accomplish their goal of storing and discharging electricity by migrating lithium ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode respectively the negative electrode also serves as a storage and release location for lithium ions a steady potential platform high capacitance low redox potential and excellent safety are all characteristics of the ideal anode material more energy can be obtained with the same capacitance when the positive electrode material has a high redox potential compared to the negative electrode material which has a low redox potential to meet the requirements of the positive and negative capacitance ratios while still increasing the energy density High capacitance devices can use less material negative electrode materials can be classified as intercalation conversion or Alloys depending on how they respond the development of electrode materials for Batteries has been long dominated by positive electrode materials because the capacitance of the negative electrode material is often larger than that of the positive electrode while raising the anode's specific capacitance has no direct impact on the battery's ability to store energy it can decrease the amount of weight that is used which in turn increases the energy density of the battery what types of batteries do Tesla's electric cars use in terms of cell format cathode chemistry and suppliers the company has a well diverse strategy many people are curious about the batteries that Tesla the largest producer of electric vehicles in the world employs is there a special kind of battery that enables it to succeed now if we examine Tesla's performance over the past almost 20 years it would seem that the secret is not in a specific battery but rather in the methodology which is highly pragmatic adaptable and focused on continuous growth adaptation and opportunity seeking battery cell form factor there were not many different kinds of Lithium-ion batteries available when the business began its adventure with the original Tesla Roadster Tesla simply chose to use 18650 type more recently known as 1865 cylindrical batteries which were created for General usage and only marginally modified for EVS due to the large number of little cells low capacity in the battery pack several thousand they were difficult to utilize but were also consistently of high quality and in large quantities Tesla chose the Practical route whereas some other businesses at the time started using the novel pouch or Prismatic cell types Tesla had excellent engineering to handle electrical and thermal management liquid cooling the Roadster and Model S model X both employed 1865 style cells including the refreshed ones Panasonic is Tesla's main source for those cells from Japan subsequently Tesla discovered that a larger battery cell designed specifically for electric vehicles with a higher capacity per cell and fewer cells would be preferable in order to power the Tesla Model 3 Tesla Model Y and other energy storage devices the 2170 type cylindrical cell was introduced to the market in large quantities in this manner the Tesla gigafactory 1 in Nevada which is now producing the 2170 type at a rate of about 38 to 39 gigawatt hours per year was the site of its inaugural production in recent years LG chems LG Energy Solution has also started supplying Tesla with these cells these are made in China mostly for the Tesla Giga Shanghai project the 4680 type reached the market by storm becoming the newest and largest cylindrical cell format to date since the cell is physically five times larger than the 2170 type new technologies can be introduced and the system can be further optimized the size and novel Solutions however make it difficult to create this is the reason Panasonic and other suppliers including Tesla are being urged to step up their efforts Tesla has also begun its own internal development and production in Texas and California these are the three cylindrical cell types that Tesla uses in its electric vehicles but there is also a fourth type Prismatic which is utilized in the lfp batteries that are provided by catl in q1 2022 Prismatic lfp batteries were present in roughly half of all Tesla vehicles given that the Prismatic lfp batteries serve as the core of the more affordable entry-level Tesla models it is another blatant example of pragmatic adaptation to Market need Tesla battery cell types 1865 type 18 millimeter in diameter and 65 millimeter tall use Roadster original model S model X 2170 type 21 millimeters in diameter and 70 millimeters tall use model 3 Model y 4680 type 46 millimeters in diameter and 80 millimeters tall use model y made in Texas in the future also model y from Germany and New models Prismatic use entry-level model 3 and model y chemistry of a battery the traction batteries used by Tesla are all Lithium-ion batteries however they are not all the same each of the key cathode chemistries changes throughout time and there are several of them Tesla EVS typically use one of three cathode types nickel Cobalt aluminum nickel Cobalt manganese iron phosphate of lithium the first two NCA and NCM have a high energy density making them particularly well suited for usage in Tesla car models with extended ranges these two kinds were applied to cylindrical cells NCA in 1865 and 2170 from Panasonic NCM in 2170 from lges the lfp is a less energetically dense type it is less expensive because it doesn't include nickel or Cobalt it is a wonderful match for entry-level models and energy storage systems Tesla makes use of Prismatic lfp cells made by catl Tesla states that it will continue to advance a diversified cathode strategy for lfp nickel rich and manganese Rich cathodes to address various market segments for vehicle and energy storage products and provide future flexibility based on raw materials availability and pricing in its most recent impact report in order to save costs and Boost energy density Tesla is working to make NCA and NCM batteries with higher nickel and lower Cobalt contents and range Cobalt plays a crucial part in the safety and durability of the battery making its removal difficult Tesla will continue to advance a diversified cathode strategy for lfp nickel rich and manganese Rich cathodes to address various market segments for vehicle and energy storage products and provide future flexibility based on raw materials availability and pricing the business also states that because the production growth of batteries and cars is anticipated to outstrip the overall rate of cobalt reduction on a per cell basis its absolute Cobalt demand will rise in the upcoming years we must also keep in mind that the cathode is not the only components of the battery and that all components including the anode silicon versus graphite content and the electrolyte are always being improved in electric cars who do lfp nmc and NCA batteries do batteries for electric vehicles come in a variety of types the battery chemistries used in electric car models are becoming more diverse with several chemistries being employed depending on the price driving range and performance requirements due to the difficult extraction of a necessary raw materials which results in higher upfront costs compared to petrol equivalents high voltage batteries account for a sizable portion of the expenditures associated with producing electric vehicles batteries make up about one-third of all manufacturing expenses according to City Global perspectives and solutions and this proportion Rises with bigger battery sizes the cost barrier is being reduced by a variety of recent Innovations which are also extending battery life and quickening the break-even threshold for total cost of ownership for a combustion engine vehicles lead acid batteries are a thing of the past today the majority of EVS use lithium-ion nmc NCA or lithium ferrous lfp chemistry batteries but which one should you choose for your future electric automobile and what are the benefits and drawbacks nmc batteries Pros increased energy density more driving range more rapid charging in colder climates cons more costly mainly because of lithium and Cobalt a lower cycle life than lfp and a larger danger of thermal runaway uses raw materials that are not environmentally sustainable today's EVS from the Nissan Leaf to the Mercedes-Benz eqs all use nickel manganese Cobalt batteries which are the most prevalent type the cathode end of a battery as its name implies contains typically 33 percent nickel manganese and Cobalt the advantages of nmc packs include their increased energy density which results in longer driving distances and reduce sensitivity to low temperatures which allows them to charge more quickly in colder areas nmc packs are more expensive per energy unit than lfp due to the usage of cobalt and nickel which are unsustainable from an environmental standpoint expensive and linked to unethical and unsustainable mining techniques in poor Nations to prevent long-term deterioration effects car manufacturers normally advise users to only charge nmc batteries up to 80 percent some other automakers like Polestar Advocate a 90 cap only sometimes for instance during lengthy Road Journeys should a full charge be required NCA batteries Pros greater energy density more range does not utilize manganese that is not sustainable cons still costly decrease cycle life similar to nmc packs nickel Cobalt aluminum batteries are currently only found in the model 3 and model y electric vehicles long range and performance trim levels which are more expensive although NCA batteries have a higher energy density than nmc batteries they also last longer since they replace the environmentally harmful manganese element with aluminum nonetheless NCA packs still have a shorter lifespan and cost more than lfp batteries since they only include a small amount of cobalt and nickel elements to maintain its long-term Health Tesla advises charging its electric vehicles with NCA to 90 percent of capacity lfb batteries Pros a longer life cycle a lower chance of thermal runaway lower price more ecologically sustainable cons less dense energy less driving range more vulnerable to extreme cold uses pricey non-renewable lithium still as a more affordable and environmentally friendly battery type lithium iron phosphate is increasingly being proposed as the battery to lower the initial cost barrier for smaller and entry-level EVS the Tesla Model 3 sedan model y SUV and gwm Aura compact hatchback already make use of it as do the mg Zs EV and byd 803 crossover SUVs and their base models because lfp batteries don't include nickel Cobalt or manganese they are less expensive to produce than nmc or NCA batteries in comparison to nmc it is also more durable and less prone to Thermal Runaway lfp's extended life cycle which causes fewer concerns about degradation is a major benefit compared to nmc which can only handle between one thousand and two thousand full recharge Cycles lfp packs can handle more than three thousand in order to calibrate the pack properly and display an accurate battery percentage indication it's important to note that Tesla advises 100 charging on a regular basis for models with lfps this recommendation justifies the degradation hit resulting from the longer lfp life cycle however mg recommends an 80 cap thus it varies per manufacturer under certain circumstances an lfp equipped EV with a 100 charging recommendation might have a comparable usable driving range to an nmc or NCA vehicle with an 80 or 90 charging cap for instance a fully charged lfp battery entry-level model 3 rear-wheel drive which costs fourteen thousand five hundred dollars less to purchase would have the same day-to-day range as a mid-spec Tesla Model 3 long range with an 80 limited NCA battery the drawbacks of lfp batteries include their lower energy density around 70 percent less than nmc inability to charge as quickly in colder climates and continued Reliance on unsustainable and resource-constrained lithium which is becoming more expensive as a result of increased demand Lithium-ion batteries may be replaced by solid state batteries lithium-ion cells could be replaced in addition to sodium ion cells by solid-state Battery Technology Lithium-ion batteries are referred to as a legacy technology by startups working on solid-state batteries since they have reached the limitations of energy density advancements as the demand for improved performance Rises more energy density quicker charging and a reduced risk of fire are all benefits of solid-state batteries consequently quantumscape SES and solid energy received investments from numerous major automakers with a solid-state battery the electrolyte is where the main difference is located Lithium-ion batteries employ a liquid electrolyte whereas their solid-state counterparts use a solid form yet according to analysts it will take some time before solid-state technology leaves the confines of battery labs and enters the real world conductivity and instability problems have so far prevented it from progressing Deutsche Bank analyst Emmanuel Rosner stated that Quantum scape still needs to demonstrate it can scale up its technology and Tackle major technical obstacles ahead even if everything goes as planned the company is still years away from Mass producing the product and even further from commercializing it he continued other battery developments contemporary amparex Technology Company Limited Panasonic Samsung SDI LG Energy Solution and byd are just a few of the battery producers that are working hard to create new batteries that are more energy dense lighter safer more environmentally friendly and most importantly more reasonably priced new battery technologies will ultimately improve EVS especially when combined with improvements in vehicle design to maximize aerodynamics and more efficient electric drive units meanwhile that ends today's episode what do you think of this episode let us know your thoughts in the comment box below please subscribe and don't forget to like today's video we'll see you in the next video thanks for watching
2023-02-27