hello and welcome to all about the ancient world our channel is dedicated to promoting the voices of early career researchers and studies of the ancient world [Music] this presentation is titled something old something new using technological tools to link the past to modern audiences it explores how museums and institutions can apply different technologies to better engage their audiences it is presented by nicole gregory due to an obsession that started early nicole gregory began dedicating her academic career to the ancient world she received her ba from randolph-macon college in both archaeology and classical studies in the last year nicole received her m.a in museum practices and certification in museum studies from the university of memphis despite initially entering the u of m through their egyptology program nicole quickly found that she enjoyed engaging the public with the ancient world which led to her transition into museology nicole's ambition stems from the excitement of grasping the attention of future generations so that they can develop into aspiring adults who understand the significance of the humanities this goal is expressed in her current adjunct work at the university of memphis teaching introductory art and art history courses alongside this nicole works with the national emerging museum professionals network and their advocacy committee where she promotes more attainable opportunities for those new to the museum world as the dust clears after the devastation of covet 19 nicole hopes to find a progressive institution where she and her ambitions can be an asset until then she enjoys catering to her other passion of cooking as a kitchen manager in a famous breakfast restaurant in memphis tennessee as well as traveling whenever she can now without further ado please enjoy this presentation all about the ancient world hello thank you for coming and i hope this presentation is informative for all who may be interested in how modern technologies can bridge audiences to ancient objects my goal is to discuss tools that allow for inclusive engagement for archaeological based destinations and institutions no matter your skill level or profession this presentation will hopefully supply valuable information for you of course this presentation is operating under the assumption that you are considering digital tools for your institution as we move forward into the future technology is becoming more commonplace in society and how we receive valuable information regardless this does not mean that a site or institution is lacking any way because it chooses not to include digital tools and providing this information is just another source to what is available to sites that house ancient artifacts when it comes to visitor engagement i want to give a formula of how i'll be approaching the main question each slide will have images and main points i'll be sure to give visual descriptions so all can enjoy the presentation i do have a script that i will be sticking to and that will be made available also of my resources for each slide i would like to introduce the modern visitor and the changing requirements of both museum and archaeological fields it's because of the evolution of audience members that have seen these technology devices have so much potential to better engage with them again this is but one route that i have found to work well alongside a more active visitor when they engage in ancient materials there is no assumption or claim that every institution or site will be bettered by the inclusion of digital devices when approaching these tools it's important to consider the unique audience that you have and what works in engaging with them with this trend of being more considerate for the individual visitor it's more important than ever to be sure that any method created to interact with them is effective and well perceived by the majority after that i want to present the smartphone as the main platform for these technologies i will also discuss while presenting its benefits as a tool considering that a large majority of modern visitors have a device it is important to consider that their attachment to it can be utilized to provide them a better experience while interacting with ancient objects we will also touch about how we compare a digital experience with a more traditional one when a visitor isn't so reliant on their cell phone we'll be going through 3d documentation virtual reality and then augmented reality i don't break down their pros cons and important factors so they are any professional can have a holistic view of their properties before applying them additionally i will present a case study that has been seeing these programs become accessible amongst audiences who engage with the ancient world and how they are beneficial to ancient sites and objects hopefully again by the end these programs will see less scary and untameable and more accessible devices for the trade so let's get started side description on the left side is a title that says the active visitor below is the text that highlights the points that will be discussed further on the right side is a circular shot of different people in a museum gallery there are white arrows that point to random individuals with a text each one has a story of their own and each one wants that story to be able to connect with their museum experience i want to make it clear that if i say institution or site i am referencing organizations that house and maintain ancient objects in physical heritage and or archaeological sites also when i mention the public visitor or audience i am refreshing the general population who engage with ancient material through museums and archaeological sites i am not narrowing it down to any group that may have a specific need or interest to visit these places so why should we care about totals of engagement well haven't these long-standing institutions are decided how they will present information to us well they have and they cling to it like gum to your shoe despite the changes in the public additionally events such as the kobit 19 pandemic left millions in a home and away from ancient objects in the end we must question if traditional methods or components suffice as the world progresses and unprecedented situations occur since the turn-of-the-century physical institutions have faced pressure to update the experiences they give their visitors as a form of recreation historical sites and museums must compete with different entertainment industries this leads them to produce and experiences both educational and enjoyable to their visitors in addition to this recent generations of visitors have disliked the traditional process of having a narrative created by crew creators and archaeologists presented to them instead audiences want a narrative they can see themselves in and contribute to this change has been called the paradigm shift which was first introduced by stephen wheel and his book rethinking the museum and emerging new paragraph to those who are unfamiliar a paradigm is a traditional model protocol conventionally it has been ignored that a visitor is a person with a unique mentality this mindset has been morphed by individual experiences cultural and socio-economic influences etc goes on lewis silverman a professor of museum studies at indiana university began discussing this as early as 1995 so it's not a new topic by any means this affects how an individual would interact with an exhibit or site for example a cultural narrative might have a different interaction with an archaeological site in their home country than a tourist who simply wants to market off their buckets list additionally the objects and sites have been the focus of institutions efforts ensuring their conservation for future audiences honestly these artisans are often generalized audience research is typically conducted with a specific project or demographic in mind leaving unique visitors out you see audience research conducted when you are asked to fill out a questionnaire or survey at the end of your visit to a museum or archaeological site recently mobile applications of institutions even ask for user feedback if the geolocation tracking notices that you're near the museum or site one of the proposed solutions by giving a more engaging experience with ancient history is the concept of meaning making as said before audience mentors will attach multiple values to an object or site traditionally professionals in the field would attach the meaning to an object not considering the meanings a visitor may apply this has birthed a purely informational experience that has seen across many institutions and sites rendering knowledge about the ancient past does not have to be solely informative one avenue news suggested to counter this is to stop institutions from eliminating neutral and civil civil social and civil discussions merging modern discourses values and issues with those of the past can make a bridge up for audience to have a unique relationship with it at the end of it all professionals must recognize that information is not the only thing a visitor looks for often they simply wish to make a memory and for that to happen they have must make their experience very unique this will require a tool that can enable such push such inputs effectively image description at the top there is a title a tool in your back pocket the smartphone on the left the main points are listed to guide one through what i'm going to discuss on the right there is a circular image of a young woman smiling down her cell phone as she waits for a train a black arrow points at her with a text i use my smartphone to engage with the world around me above it every day almost all of us walk around with the one of the most technologically advanced tools in our pocket there are negative connotations smartphones have as a distraction for the run around the user regardless it is also the hub where we receive and share information interact with others develop and entertain ourselves in the u.s alone we see about 96 of the population having a cell phone with 86 owning at least one self smartphone based on a research done by the pew research center there is potential in an object that visitors already bring the question is how should the cultural hot spots of the world use it effectively as progressive movements that focus on accessibility inclusivity and sustainable archaeological tourism continued to thrive in the modern age organizations have found that smartphones are not entirely a competitor for the visitors attention considering that people associate creativity active participation instant access to information and identity development with smartphones it's already promoting all the properties that are needed for healthy engagement already sites and institutions connect with their audience via smartphones by the way personal photography social media information discovery feedback and other first engagements with the ancient materials on site i can go into extraordinary detail about how cell phones were used during the cobin 19 panda by institutions and archaeological sites for example the versatility of these two fields was highlighted during heavy lockdown where they were using mobile applications on cell phones to give private tours meetups display objects and information and connect with audiences and all their niche interests involving ancient culture monetization is also possible with digital content and unique events or charging a one-time fee for a mobile application download further providing resources for technological inclusion we also must be aware of how cell phones and smartphones support accessibility for archaeological sites and museums since iphone or apple launched its iphone 3gs screen readers have been available on smartphone operating systems for the visually impaired it announces text and commands on the screen using text-to-speech it even converts text into sign language or other languages to further aid the hearing impaired for those with both hearing and vision impairment and foreign visitors for those with mobility impairments gps technology aids them in navigating a site or institution at their own pace customizing tours to their abilities and interests content can even be automatically displayed on a visitor's screen when they pass a certain checkpoint the gps technology recognizes there are concerns for the museum and archaeological professionals about the involvement of smartphones in the same environment as agent materials personal photography is a frequent negative that i see across resources it is often used in some traditional professional seat as intrusive and superficial and noisy in an environment where quiet contemplation is supposedly required additionally there are concerns that the flash of a smartphone camera can cause an imbalance in the fragile environments of ancient objects as said before cell phones are seen as a distraction of visitors from the their facility surroundings causing them not to engage with materials or even be a threat to them for example bumping into a object while trying to take a picture or looking at their phone to answer these concerns we must remember that visitors come to see ancient objects and sites to immerse themselves in a new world how visitors do that has changed it isn't entirely something that should be feared additional inclusivity does not mean digital dominance the traditional process of storytelling and constructing a narrative for engine objects can be preserved it is important to consider the smartphone as a tool to enhance that process but not only not the only medium to engage with it allow visitors to make their own choice of whether they wish to interact with materials and sites in a more traditional way or use any digital tools available giving them this choice is what allows them to control their own experience which we've seen as the direction visitors are going when it comes to interacting with cultural heritage also do not neglect groups that are unable to provide their own technology offering a select number of ipads or tablets or multiple multimedia devices to be rented or loaned out allows for everyone to enjoy whatever experience they choose though encouraging digital inclusion also ensures an institution does not alienate certain audience groups such as the elusive younger generations uh who are more technically savvy and dependent aspect visitors to use a certain hashtag when they share pictures of the site on their social media if you have a new shiny mobile app give it incentives to use to be used like games or more exclusive information behind the scenes about a museum archaeological dig embracing smartphone technology could be what changes the image of a history for audience members who believe these institutions and sites are just dusty old memories of the forgotten past this may make you sound like a grandfather trying to stay hip to better connect with his grandkids but if grandfather doesn't forget why he wants to connect with his grandkids in the first place then the means is not always a big of an issue as people think regulations can be put in place for cell phones as they already are in most cultural heritage environments for example no flash photography or photography without a permit limit cell phone use here out of respect for other visitors or the culture so on my final words in favor of smartphones are to consider what you do on your trip to a local museum or archaeological site you enter snapping photos of your favorite objects or moments on your phone once you leave for a day you upload photos to facebook or instagram using the geolocation feature to show which historical site you are at and using a variety of hashtags to define your experience maybe even blog about it or include the experience in your podcast either way by doing this you extend the reach of these objects without even a second thought while also highlighting the personal interaction you have with them you function as a free advertisement to others to enjoy the same experience you did these individual experiences are a treasure trove of information for professionals as they continue to develop engaging narratives and environments for their audiences next let's dive into programs that can be used on the platform of a visitor's smartphone the benefit here is that after an institution develops a program the smartphone is a free springboard to get its audiences image description at the top of the slide is the title 3d documentation and virtual reality so real you can touch it below on the left side is an image that highlights how two images of one of the remaining buddhas of bamiyan created a 3d model on the right are two images of structures one an arc and the other a group of buildings which demonstrates that 3d models can be complete even if the physical object is not in almost all standard archaeological digs documentation is essential i remember my archaeology professor and undergraduate college would very currently summarize archaeology as authorized destruction in the pursuit of information as we dig through history we are actively destroying the archaeological record in its context the archaeological record is the physical evidence we find the context is how we find these items and their position in both time and space through association with other items and death in the earth we can gather valuable information about the culture in question new methods to invigorate this process have been evaluated daily in archaeology especially when reality-based information is not available in its entirety for example a building is partially standing still or a base has been smashed and all we have is the base uh 3d modeling comes in to complete the picture acting like clay to be molded by a sculptor through graphic software a person can take the factual information that we have which is the physical objects and what remains of them and then build off of it with prior knowledge of how objects or structures have been built in the culture so let's explain what 3d documentation is using a variety of sensors image data 2d maps and finally classical as classical surveying which usually involves gps or total stations data is collected total stations are often used in archaeology and are used to read slopes between the device at a particular point while also deciding precise locations that can be laid out on a digital map this type of information is important for exact locations masses distances and the measurements of certain features or structures once this data has been collected a three-dimensional model is constructed in a program using whatever information is available to generate a 3d model of a large site efficiently would require a list of properties these properties would include accuracy portability which due to accessibility of sites lack electricity and rough terrain portability is very important low cost since most excavations run on a tight budget speed to keep from impeding workers or visitors and then flexibility due to a variety of objects and structures that can be found different scales and applications in two different conditions should be available so basically an inexpensive flexible movable toy a method that i have seen that includes these properties is the image based method um image data can be turned from two-dimensional information into 3-d three-dimensional information using mathematical formulas and requires at least two images just like our buddhas these images are typically high-definition photographs from multiple angles this method is great for lost objects geometric shapes free form shapes and a low budget most important along with any constraints with time money or workforce certain things to consider when working with 3d documentation are the following um ensuring the quality of the data being used is to make a model and understanding how time consuming it is to obtain high resolution image data so how long is it going to take you to get the pictures the sensory scans things like that next i'm filling any holes in the 3d model due to data from multiple sources and finally balancing the samples of rough terrain to flat areas so it doesn't disfigure the model too much the computer is going to need to have help kind of smoothing out the end product basically um multiple times 3d documentation is used in virtual reality now virtual reality is popular in the gaming world due to the ability to merge a user in a completely virtual environment this environment is usually complete with sound and other stipulation simulations such as vibrations we've seen themes in vr and 3d 360 degree tours that reflect the public's interest in faraway archaeological sites or museum great example google art and culture have launched vr tours of about 1200 museums and exhibitions with that number growing every year vr headsets have become quite versatile as well with devices like the oculus rift or samsung gear vr set no bigger than a pair of snow goggles on your face one of the biggest things that attracts archaeologists and museum professionals to vr is the uses it has for mitigating over tourism to some of the world's most visited cultural heritage sites especially after kobit 19 which saw a lot of the sites and institutions empty of visitors there was a revival in sustainable archaeological tourism through vr visitors can engage with ancient materials without interacting with the fragile sites and objects going further vr has also shown to stimulate a user's mind more in resulting in lasting memories of their experience and an increased interest in the original site in pobjects image description at the top is a title bringing vr to the museum the buretians and the sea below on the left side is a list of points i will be covering on the right side is an image of ideal distances between a user the controller pad and the main screen next are three images of different mounting possibilities for the main screen in its controller pad i have discussed visitor focus points already but let's focus on a vr program that was created using a ucd or user-centered design this approach sees the intended users of this program as the focus of both the development and design of the project both new and experienced users aid in decision making to ensure user-friendly interface and experience basically you can provide a program that can adapt to the variety of visitors who are using it so your flu diet visitors can enjoy a program along your tech site tech savvy visitors a vr exhibit was developed for the small archaeological museum the museum of the burettians and the sea which is in central italy it was placed in the first section that holds objects from the hellenistic period the exciting thing about this project is they take into consideration the that archaeological museums are small but limited budgets the vr exhibit is constructed using dual monitors and this desktop device controllers instead of more immersive like wearable technologies as we see with the oculus oculus rifts certain properties for the visual aspect of this project need to be in place to ensure that the vr engages with users both effectively and without limitations the high definition monitor should be at a viewing distance that allows for multiple users to see the screen the larger the screen the farther users can stand away from it allowing for more visitors to be involved this requirement also goes for the quality of the screen a high-end clear screen can be seen better by many an incorrect distance can lead to issues such as disorientation or maybe even nausea as someone who has played immersive vr games i can assure you that it can make you motion sick if you're not oriented right testing out comfortable distances from the screen based on the quality of the one you have can ensure your visitors do not grow uncomfortable creating a negative experience with the equipment if you have not noticed all these required qualities make it possible for the screens involved in the vr project to be touch screen unless a secondary screen is involved to control the first room from a fixed extension another possibility is the presence of an operator to relinquish control the guests who want to use the vr experience the first choice of using a fixed touch screen was selected for this project as seen on the slide this is because the presence of museum staff cannot be guaranteed to work the exhibit exhibit the project ensured that anyone from any background could use the vr exhibit no matter their technical experience this school ensured that both manual input devices like a mouse were alongside more modern devices such as the touchscreen tablet citing the heavy use of smartphones as a reason the tablet would be necessary in addition the vr experiences itself is not made too difficult tasks are given to the user and grow progressively harder but do not ever become impossible to achieve the program itself is set within three levels that the user can engage with the first allows for language choice in which experience the user desires after this second level is available where depending on the choice of the user the two matricel or an underwater environment becomes successful both environments contain the artifacts around the user in the museum and their original context when found when a user selects an object they are taken to a third level where they manipulate the object as well as learn more information about it this process can ensure the safety of the physical site without distracting visitors from the information the site can provide considering the themes and modern institutions and sites that revolve around the visitor this project is a true pioneer of its kind especially concerned that it was achieved in such a small museum with an extremely limited budget these kinds of projects are more attainable if you have the ability of the met or the british museum where thousands of visitors become income to support projects more effectively also i see the potential to build a project such as this with 3d documentation becoming a cornerstone in modern archaeologies institutions and archaeological sites have the visual information already already there to make virtual environments with a little digital rendering i.e modeling and polishing site
documentation can lead to the very thing that brings people to where we just deposit these archaeological finds given more time resources institutions can dedicate more to such a project building it up from their feedback as well visitors image description at the top is the title shaping the world with augmented reality on the right is the image of a generic quick response or qr code it resembles a traditional barcode but shaped in a cube with other unique cue markings within augmented reality may sound foreign to some of you but you're probably unsure if it is user unfriendly medium for engaging with ancient materials and sites surprisingly the world is already obsessed with various programs that use augmented reality if you play pokemon go or use snapchat and instagram you are using ar unlike vr our ar allows for more interaction with the world around the user where digital art alterations lie over an environment to do this ar can be implemented in two ways markerless and marker-based marcos ar gets user positioning data gotten by a visitor's smartphone pinpointing their location and then downloading the necessary digital data that the points need a simpler approach is a marker-based car which needs physical markers to do the same thing qr codes are a good example of a marker as they can hold information in a single symbol that is easily scanned by a user's smartphone ar is typically favored by historical institutions due to its size being confined to one smartphone and it's usually a less costly venture than immersive vr additionally ar can give a detailed diegetic script visualize missing elements of an object or life for a user who needs a more intimate engagement with an expedition or site for accessibility purposes to help you visualize what ar can do imagine that you come upon the ruins of a building the foundation is what is left of this building beside these ruins is opposed to the qr code on it you hit the button on your smartphone for the qr code scanner scan it and it takes you to a specific website or mobile application you can download data at within seconds you can lift your phone to see a complete structure sitting atop these ruins presenting how historians believe the building would look like it's kind of an interaction just sticks with your visitor better the imagery sticking to their minds more than words on a placard would there are complaints against ear and its technical needs to function properly ar does require good lighting which can exclude items that have specific environmental needs extremely sensitive items may not be able to be included in the ar program just because you don't want to encourage users to use flash to view a qr code better so my recommendation for this is if you have a site or collection that is sensitive to certain environmental changes like increased lighting then it may be best to focus your efforts on a markerless ar program there are these are not as difficult to produce as one would think developing an app or a program that allows a user to give rights to geolocation tracking would allow for an object or site to be involved since no marker would be there to be scanned i do stress this for sites from museums that do have an app or a program already developed or being developed because including this kind of program would not require much you digitally drop pins on a virtual map and attach these pins the information and data you want almost like a qr code with more technological work the cost of a custom built multi-feature ar code is quoted by many development companies of being 300k now be aware this is a cost for really developed apps i'm talking pokemon go developed and this calls can go down for a variety of reasons i um a longer timeline a smaller amount of virtual items that need to be made including your own workers to aid the project with information and man hours or not allowing users to select what is augmented which means there's a fixed item that they can only interact with i've seen museum institutions integrate this calls into membership fees entry fees or even make it a special event that users can pay a mission to there is a lack of material documenting how archaeological sites can swallow costs as well but i can follow they can follow the example of museums to give visitors a more engaging experience multiple funding opportunities have appeared as well for such projects as the world keeps pushing for more digitally advanced experiences now we're going to move into an example of ar being used in a setting of an ancient archaeological ruin image description at the top is the title under the sea of ie below is the image of the samsung smartphone inside a black and orange protective case with five buttons on the right side on the right of the slide is two images the top image displays two qr-like markers at the bottom of a murky water below the submentions the ar rendered scene complete with the black and white checkered floor and mosaic and colorful walls a simple stool is the main focus of the scene underwater archaeology is such an exciting branch of the field i've done dives to archaeologically survey roman ships off the coast of spain near the island of menorca it honestly made me consider using my degree and diving license or something much cooler exciting than land archaeology no offense the the project is in a space in a city called baye which is near naples italy once home to high-glass villas and all the luxuries that the wealthy inhabitants could afford is now semi-submerged nearby vesuvius is the thing for the slow process of the last two thousand years the site is no deeper than six meters in water so they can be very easily accessible to divers teams at the site have decided to use ar to complete the image for both archaeologists and visitors alike since some of the structures are no longer standing of course the project focuses on the villa con ingresso which supports a beautiful black and white mosoic in one of the mosaic in one of the rooms using a combination of camera images and sensory information which are then stored into memory the ar system picks up the markers remember markers are physical points in an ar program that allow for information to be received typically via scanning a certain code atop these physical markers whole structures can be rendered or digitally rebuilt in plain terms amazing thing is all this is done and evaluated via samsung s8 which is housed in a dive shop protecting it from the murky waters to cater to the fact that the dive shop only allows users to use the five buttons on the side of the case and not the touch screen this program was developed only to use those five buttons the options of these buttons include starting the ar program or recording with the camera um the screen on the mark the screen of smart zone would be split in two with the left side showing the cameras where the right side had the buttons and their functions if a button could not be used or was not necessary it would be removed from the screen as an option once the camera sees the markers the ar would implement the rendered image of the villa this is a very novel ar system and it received positive feedback from the divers who tested it and there are plans for it to be available for casual visitors and tourists to the area this project is exciting since it was an ar uses ar an environment so foreign to where program is typically used there are examples of where are you being used in archaeology for example archaeoguide has been a popular in recent years for supplying personal tours through archaeological sites using ar it tracks the user through a site augmenting ruins into their former growery hopefully this presentation has been informative about only a few of the technological based programs that can be used on a visitor's smartphone maybe it will incite you to explore other programs that are both interactive educating and engaging for your cultural heritage institution or site my goal is to present these tools to you in a way that makes them possible and not something that requires a whole team of i.t specialists before i summarize all the information i just covered it's important to understand your own audience group as well as the capabilities of your site despite the active museum visitor becoming a norm amongst those who visit museums and historical sites the individuals who visit your site are unique if your visitors are not typically called to engage with materials to their mobile devices or within a demographic don't use them very much or have settled on a mode of engagement that has worked then you can hold off on technological inclusion digital engagement is not the only way institutions can incorporate the needs and desires of an active visitor though it has been proven to be effective also it's not wise to begin these ventures if your institution does not have the capabilities to develop them fully and then proceed to maintain them in the end it can result in wasted resources in time with no useful and byproduct if you decide to move forward any of these examples i recommend beginning with 3d documentation like i said it is already a well-known form in historical institutions for the fact that paper documentation has grown obsolete as the main method of recording physical history on top of that you can decide where on the spectrum you want to sit regarding cost equipment implementation and so on if you want to take multiple photos with your iphone or the company camera then you're able also if your jig site owns a total station as many do then you already have the equipment to take high quality scans of objects taking this visual visual information and rendering a 3d model can be as simple as uploading the images to a program and having it manifest a model with only a bit of fine tuning from yourself after this you have a clear representation of objects and structures that can be handled altered and used any way you want without any fear of damaging history if you simply want to make objects more accessible via screams and tablets show them off better on a mobile app or include them in a more intricate program you can virtual reality and augmented reality are not easy programs to implement but i chose them because we're seeing a both a lot of companies taking them on and also making them very familiar to the public google has created google expeditions and google arts and culture which got a lot of institutions through code bin 19. other examples include youtube and discovery channel almost all forms of social media has a form of augmented reality so these are not new programs that are unknown to your general audience though vr and ar are big projects to face again it all depends on the resources you want to invest more recent resources invested will equal a better product once more though you must ask yourself the question of what your visitors will respond to best and what will connect them to an ancient material better maybe none of these projects are possible with your delicate ancient objects or your visitors will not engage well to new technologies all of these are the kind of preliminary inquiries that should have clear answers before you begin this concludes my presentation as we wrap up i want to give you all a few ways to contact me you'll find my name below along with other ways to contact me the at pay your muses instagram account is a resource i manage for the national emerging museum professionals network's advocacy committee we focus on supplying resources to emps which are emerging museum professionals and interns in the field by advocating for financial compensation for their work if you're interested we would love to have you follow also i'm always excited to expand my professional network in linkedin if you have any questions my email is there for you to reach out to me thank you so much and thank you to aataw for allowing me to speak i hope to hear from any of you if you have questions even if it's collaborate but the feasibility of one of these programs working for your agent objects take care thank you for watching something old something new using technological tools to link the past to modern audiences presented by nicole gregory if you have any questions about the content of this lecture please leave a comment below if you like this video and want to see more click subscribe and make sure to hit the notification bell to get updates for future videos also be sure to check out our website which you can find linked in the description below you can also follow us on social media so that you never miss an update finally if you're an early career researcher and you have an idea for a lecture please take a look at the call for papers on our website and consider applying today our next deadline is december 1st we hoped you enjoyed learning all about the ancient world and we'll see you in the next video
2022-09-25