IELTS/TOEFL academic vocabulary Cars and car technology

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hi and welcome to this vocabulary lesson i'm  louisa and today we're going to talk about   words related to cars and car technology all  of us use cars and have to deal with traffic   on a daily basis and cambridge ielts 15 has a  passage called driverless cars so we're going   to look at some words from that text and i'll  also give you example sentences from the passage   you should remember that the vocabulary from this  lesson might appear in any other topic discussion   and in any other exam section be it  reading listening writing or speaking so   it will be useful for you for the whole exam  preparation so let's get started the first word   in today's lesson is automotive automotive is  american pronunciation an automotive automotive   is british pronunciation it's an adjective and  it means relating to cars and car production   it's a formal word that normally comes before  nouns for example the automotive industry   in other words the car industry the store stocks  automotive parts this means that the store has   a lot of car parts the next word is automation  automation it's a noun and it means the use of   machines and computers to do work that was  previously done by people in other words   automation is the process of using machines  and computers which today do the work   that people did before for example automation  means the loss of manufacturing jobs that is   because machines and computers are used in the  factory a lot of people have lost their jobs automation has helped to increase production   this means the production has been increased  because of the use of machines and computers to automate is the web form automate in other  words it means to use machines and computers   instead of people to do a job or task for  example the entire manufacturing process   has been automated this means that in this  manufacturing process everything is done by   machines and computers and humans are not involved  in this process the factory is now fully automated   according to this sentence no people  take part in the factory processes automated is an adjective automated carried out  by machines and computers without needing human   control for example automated check-in machines  are common in airports this means that these   check-in machines they work without any human  beings controlling them let's look at an example   from a passage the automotive sector is well  used to adapting to automation in manufacturing   this sentence means that it's very common  in automotive sector that is in car sector   to use machines and computers in the manufacturing  process the next word is vehicle vehicle   it's a formal word and it means a thing that  is used for transporting people or goods   from one place to another such as a car  or lorry in this picture you can see many   vehicles you can say an ambulance  car a just a private car a bus   a boat a scooter and even a motorbike  so all of these are examples of vehicles   motor vehicles cars buses lorries etc  that is vehicles that have an engine   the thieves escaped in a stolen vehicle there  has been an increase in the number of deaths from   motor vehicle accidents this means that the number  of deaths that happened on the roads because of   the vehicles that is because of the cars and other  means of transport on the roads has increased the government should impose tighter controls on  vehicle emissions this means that the government   should be stricter about a vehicle emissions that  is about the gases which vehicles sent out into   the atmosphere let's look at an example a new  challenge to vehicle production is now on the   horizon this means that there is a new problem  in vehicle production which is coming soon   the next word is self-driving self-driving is  an adjective and if a vehicle is self-driving   it has the technology to drive itself without  a person in control it's a synonym for words   such as driverless or autonomous for example  the company is designing a self-driving car   a self-driving car means no human is  needed to control it a self-driving car   must be able not only to follow lanes on  a road but also to react to other traffic   let's look at an example in the passage since  google announced in 2010 that it had been trialing   self-driving cars on the streets of california  progress in this field has quickly gathered pace   this means that in 2010 google stated that it  was designing and producing self-driving cars   in california and since then there has  been a lot of progress in this area   the next word is collide collide if two people  vehicles etc collide they crash into each other   you can see that in this picture the blue  car and the black car they have collided   if a person vehicle etc collides with another or  with something that is not moving they crash into   it now if you imagine that this black car wasn't  moving so the blue car crashed into the black car   or the blue car collided with the black car  example the two cars collided at the crossroads   it was predicted that a comet would  collide with one of the planets collision collision collision is the noun form  an accident in which two vehicles or people crash   into each other example there was a collision  between two trains it means two trains collided   so there was a collision between them the employee  was injured in a collision with the machine the car was in collision with a motorbike  the collision occurred at the traffic lights   now an example from the passage more than  90 percent of road collisions involve human   error as a contributory factor automation  may help reduce the incidence of this   according to this sentence more than 90 percent of  road accidents happen because of people's mistakes   and the use of technology can help  decrease the number of such accidents now let's look at the next word and it is  mobility mobility is american pronunciation and   mobility mobility is british it's an uncountable  noun and it means the ability to move or travel   around easily let's look at some examples a  private car gives a much greater degree of comfort   and mobility this means that if you have a private  car you have more comfort and you are able to   move and travel around more easily shuttles  will give mobility to employees without cars i prefer the mobility of a handheld camera   this means that i like this camera more because  it's i'm able to move it around more easily   the adjective form is mobile mobile is  american and mobile is british pronunciation   mobile is an adjective that means that is not  fixed in one place for instance mobile equipment   or a mobile clinic a mobile shop a  mobile library if a library is mobile   it means it is contained inside a vehicle and  it can distribute books in places where it goes   let's look at an example from the passage if  the vehicle can do the driving those who are   challenged by existing mobility models such as  older and disabled travelers may be able to enjoy   significantly greater travel autonomy what this  sentence is trying to tell us is that if a vehicle   can drive itself that is if this vehicle is a  driverless automated vehicle people who cannot use   the existing mobile mobility models such as buses  or trains or cars and those are normally older   and disabled travelers they will be able to travel  more independently if they use these kinds of cars the next word is mileage mileage is a noun and  it means the distance that a vehicle has traveled   measured in miles and as a  reminder 1 mile equals 1 609 meters   an example sentence there was no  record of the mileage the car had done   this means that there was no record of how many  miles or how many kilometers the car had traveled my annual mileage is about 8 000. this means that  i normally travel about 8 000 miles every year the employees get a mileage allowance if  they use their cars for work that is if   employees use their cars for work they get an  amount of money paid for each mile they travel   and the passage example automated vehicles  might reduce vehicle ownership by 43 percent   but vehicles average mileage would double as  a result according to this sentence automated   vehicles that is vehicles which are not driven  by people which do not need human control   will be owned by fewer people so not many people  will own such automated vehicles but the vehicle's   average mileage would double that means how  far the cars will go that is the mileage of   the cars the distance they will travel will  double as a result the next word is unoccupied   unoccupied is an adjective and it means  empty with nobody living there or using it   for example an unoccupied house so there is no  one living in an unoccupied house you can take   a seat at the unoccupied table that is you can  sit down at the table where nobody is sitting   the opposite or the antonym of the word is  occupied occupied is an adjective and it means   being used by somebody for example the  most densely occupied areas of the country   that is the areas of the country  where there are a lot of people only half of the rooms are occupied at the moment   only half of the rooms have people  living in them at the moment verb form is occupy occupy means to fill  or use a space an area or an amount of time   for example as the company grew it continued to  occupy more space in other words as the company   grew it got larger so it had to fill it had to use  a larger area studying occupies half of my time   in other words i spend half of my time  studying occupation is the noun form   occupation is an uncountable and formal  noun and it means the act of living in   or using a building room piece of land etc example  the new rule will not affect tenants in occupation   in other words the new rule will not be used  for those who are already living in the building the houses were judged to be unfit  for human occupation that means   humans or people could not live  in those houses and an example   from the passage since for most of the time  most of the seats in most cars are unoccupied   this may boost production of a smaller  more efficient range of vehicles according to this sentence most most of the time  a lot of the places a lot of the seats in the car   are empty and this may lead to an increase in the  production of smaller cars and the next word is   reliable reliable is an adjective and it means  able to work or operate for long periods without   breaking down or needing attention for example  the machine has a highly reliable control system   this means that the system the control system  of this car or i mean of this machine can work   for long periods of time and it doesn't need  a lot of attention it doesn't break easily   people are often willing to pay a premium for  familiar reliable services reliable service   means it doesn't um just it's not disrupted  very often it can continue working   for a long time without the  need of people to correct it reliably is an adverb and reliability is the noun  form reliability is the american pronunciation and   reliability is british reliability shows how well  a machine a piece of equipment or system works   example german vehicle manufacturers have  built up a reputation for reliability   in other words everyone knows that german vehicle  manufacturers have reliable cars they produce   reliable cars that work for a long time and do  not need to be repaired very often to most users   the reliability of the company's products  is far more valuable than their design   in other words for for users it's not the design  is not so important it's more important that   the company's product work for a long time  they are durable they do not break easily   manufacturers are looking at ways of improving the  car's reliability that is they want their cars to   work longer periods and that their cars do not  need to be repaired very often and now the passage   example there are a number of hurdles to overcome  in delivering automated vehicles to our roads   these include technical difficulties in ensuring  that the vehicle works reliably in the infinite   range of traffic now let's look at these two  sentences separately according to the first one   there are a number of problems in delivering  driverless cars to our roads so it's not easy   to deliver automated vehicles to roads and there  are some technical difficulties in that because   it's not easy to make a vehicle work  work well work properly in traffic   and finally we've got the word operate  operate one meaning of this verb is to   work in a particular way for example most domestic  freezers operate at below minus 18 degrees celsius   mind that in this meaning the word operate  is often followed by an adverb or preposition   and in this particular example it's followed by  the preposition at so most domestic freezers work   at this kind of temperature another example solar  panels can only operate in sunlight which means   they can only work in sunlight and once again  the word operate is followed by the preposition   in operate in sunlight another meaning is to use  or control a machine or make it work for example   the machinery is easy to operate that is  this machinery is easy to make it work it's   easy to control they use a remotely operated  camera that is they use a camera that can be   controlled remotely so you don't have to stand  close to the camera in order to control it   the doors can be manually operated in the event  of fire this means that if there's a fire if   in case in case of fire the doors  can be used uh or controlled by hand operation is the noun form operation  is the way that parts of a machine or   system work the process of making something work  that's kind of the second meaning of this word   so it's not just the way it works but it's also  the process of making something work for example   operation of the device is extremely simple that  is making this device work is extremely simple so   it's easy to control it it's simple to control it  competition is central to the operation of markets   that is for the markets to work it's very  important for competition to be present and the example when drivers are no longer  essential for vehicle operation according to this   phrase we're talking about the time when drivers  will not be needed for for vehicles to work   i hope the explanation was clear i would  strongly recommend that you download the   pdf file that goes with this video and read  the full passage also try to do the questions   that follow the passage let me know if you have  any questions i'll see you in the next video

2022-03-07

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