The California Institute of Technology Caltech The Best University In The World

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the california institute of technology caltech  is a private research university in pasadena   california u.s the university is known for  its strength in science and engineering   and is one among a small group of institutes of  technology in the united states which is primarily   devoted to the instruction of pure and applied  sciences caltech was founded as a preparatory   in vocational school by amos g troupe in 1891  and began attracting influential scientists   such as george ellery hale arthur amos noyes and  robert andrews milliken in the early 20th century   the vocational and preparatory schools were  disbanded and spun off in 1910 and the college   assumed its present name in 1920. in 1934  caltech was elected to the association of   american universities and the antecedents of  nasa's jet propulsion laboratory which caltech   continues to manage and operate were established  between 1936 and 1943 under theodore von carmen   caltech has six academic divisions with  strong emphasis on science and engineering   managing 332 million dollars in 2011 in  sponsored research its 124 acre 50 hectares   primary campus is located approximately 11 miles  18 kilometers northeast of downtown los angeles   first year students are required to live on campus  and 95 of undergraduates remain in the on-campus   house system at caltech although cal tech has a  strong tradition of practical jokes and pranks   student life is governed by an honor code  which allows faculty to assign take-home   examinations the cal tech beavers compete in  13 intercollegiate sports in the ncaa division   three's southern california intercollegiate  athletic conference syack of october 2020 there   are 76 nobel laureates who have been affiliated  with including 40 alumni faculty members 41 prizes in addition four fields medalists and six touring  award winners have been affiliated with caltech   there are eight craft ford laureates and 56  non-emeritus faculty members as well as many   emeritus faculty members who have been elected  to one of the united states national academies   four chief scientists of the u.s air force  and 71 have won the united states national   medal of science or technology numerous faculty  members are associated with the howard hughes   medical institute as well as nasa according  to a 2015 pomona college study caltech ranked   number one in the u.s for the percentage  of its graduates who go on to earn a phd   caltech began as a vocational school founded in  present-day old pasadena on fair oaks avenue and   chestnut street on september 23 1891 by  local businessman and politician amos g   troop the school was known successively as troop  university troop polytechnic institute and manual   training school and troop college of technology  before acquiring its current name in 1920   the vocational school was dissolved in the  preparatory program was dissolved to form an   independent polytechnic school in 1907 at a time  when scientific research in the united states   was still in its infancy george ellery hale a  solar astronomer at the university of chicago   founded the mount wilson observatory in 1904.  he joined troops board of trustees in 1907   and soon began to expand it and the whole of  pasadena became a major destination science   and culture he designed the appointment of james  a b shearer a literary scholar who did not study   science but was a proficient administrator and  fundraiser to become president of troop in 1908.  

shearer persuaded retired entrepreneur and trustee  charles w gates to donate 25 000 in start-up money   to build the gates laboratory the first science  building on campus in 1910 troop moved to its   current site arthur fleming donated land for a  permanent campus site theodore roosevelt gave   a speech at the troop institute on march 21 1911  and he stated i would like to see an institution   like troop become perhaps 99 out of every 100  students as men who have to do certain industry   jobs better than others can i'd like to see those  people do the kind of work that's now being done   on the panama canal and major irrigation  projects in the interior of this country   and the hundredth person i'd like to see with  the kind of cultural scientific training that   will make him and his colleagues the matrix from  which to go you can sometimes develop a man like   your great astronomer george ellery hale that  same year a bill was introduced in the california   legislature calling for the creation of a  publicly funded california institute of technology the board of trustees offered to hand troop  over to the state but the presidents of stanford   university and the university of california  successfully lobbied to defeat the bill which   allowed troop to thrive as southern california's  only scientific research oriented educational   institution publicly are private until the  beginning of world war ii necessitated the broader   development of research-based science education  troops promise attracted physical chemist arthur   amos noyes of mit to develop the institution and  help make it a center for science and technology   with the start of world war one hale organized  a national research council to coordinate and   support scientific work on military matters  while he supported the idea of a federal   allocation to science he took exception to  a federal law that would fund engineering   research at land grant colleges and instead  sought to raise 1 million dollars in national   research funding entirely from private sources  to that end as hale wrote in the new york times   the troop college of technology in pasadena  california recently provided a striking   illustration of one way in which the research  council can secure collaboration and advance   scientific inquiry this institute with its capable  investigators and excellent research laboratories   can provide good service in a broad scheme of  cooperation president shearer hearing of the   formation of the council immediately offered  to take part in its work and with this aim   he secured within three days an additional  research fund of one hundred thousand dollars   through the national research council hale is  simultaneously lobbying for science to play a   greater role in national affairs and for troop  to play a national role in science new funds were   devoted to physics research and eventually led to  the founding of the norman bridge laboratory which   attracted experimental physicist robert andrews  milliken from the university of chicago in 1917   during the war hale noyes and milliken  worked together in washington in the nrc   subsequently they continued their  partnership in developing caltech under the leadership of hail noise and milliken  aided by southern california's booming economy   caltech grew to national prominence in the  1920s and concentrated on developing roosevelt's   hundredth man on november 29 1921 the trustees  declared that it was the institute's firm policy   to pursue the most important scientific research  and at the same time to continue to conduct   thorough courses in engineering and pure science  basing the work of these courses on very strong   teaching in the basic sciences of mathematics  physics and chemistry broaden and enrich the   curriculum with a large number of teaching in  subjects such as english history and economics   and bring to life all the work of the institute by  incorporating generous measures of research spirit   in 1923 milliken was awarded the nobel prize in  physics in 1925 the school founded the geology   department and hired william bennett monroe then  chairman of the history government and economics   division at harvard university to create the  humanities and social sciences division at caltech   in 1928 a division of biology was founded under  the leadership of thomas hunt morgan the most   prominent biologist in the united states at the  time and discoverer of the role of genes and   chromosomes in heredity in 1930 the kirkhof marine  laboratory was founded in corona del mar under the   supervision of professor george mcginniti  in 1926 the graduate school of aeronautics   was created which eventually attracted theodore  von carmen carmen later helped create the jet   propulsion laboratory and played an integral  role in establishing caltech as one of the   world's centers of rocket science in 1928  construction of the palomar observatory began   milliken served as chairman of the executive board  effectively president of caltech from 1921 to 1945   and his influence was such that the institute  is sometimes referred to as the milliken school   milliken started a guest scholarship program  soon after joining caltech notable scientists who   accepted his invitation included paul dyrac erwin  schrodinger werner heisenberg hendrick lorenz and   niels bohr albert einstein arrived at the caltech  campus for the first time in 1931 to polish his   general theory of relativity and he returned to  cal tech later as a visiting professor in 1932   and 1933. during world war ii cal tech was one of  131 colleges and universities nationwide to take   part in the v12 naval college training program  which offers students a path to naval commission   the united states navy also has a naval  training school for aeronautical engineering   a permanent inspector of naval regulations  and materials and a national defense research   committee liaison officer on campus vista  project editing from april to december 1951   caltech conducted a classified federal study  project vista caltech's selection is the host   for the project was based on the university's  expertise in rocketry and nuclear physics   in response to the war in korea and pressure from  the soviet union this project was caltech's way of   assisting the federal government in its efforts to  improve national security this project was created   to study new ways to improve the relationship  between tactical air support and ground forces   the army air force and navy sponsored the project  however it was under contract with the army   the research is named after the hotel vista  del arroyo hotel which is the research site   the study was operated under a committee with  the oversight of president lee de bridge william   a fowler a professor at caltech was selected as  research director more than a quarter of caltech's   faculty and a group of outside scientists staffed  the project what's more the numbers increase   when we take into account visiting scientists  military liaisons secretaries and security staff   as compensation for participation the university  receives approximately 750 thousand dollars   from the 1950s to the 1980s caltech was  home to murray gel man and richard feynman   whose work was central to the formation  of the standard model of particle physics   feynman is also widely known outside the physics  community as an outstanding and colorful teacher during lee a dubridge's tenure  as president of caltech 1946-1969 caltech's faculty doubled in campuses tripled de  bridge unlike its predecessors welcomes federal   funding for science new research areas are  developing including chemical biology planetary   science nuclear astrophysics and geochemistry  a 200-inch telescope was dedicated near mount   palomar in 1948 and has remained the most powerful  optical telescope in the world for over 40 years   caltech opened its doors to female students during  harold brown's presidency in 1970 and they make   up 14 of the incoming class the share of female  students has been steadily increasing since then   protests by caltech students are rare the earliest  was the 1968 protest outside nbc's burbank studios   in response to rumors that nbc would cancel  star trek in 1973 students from dabney house   protested the president's visit with a sign  in the library bearing the simple phrase   impeach nixon the following week ross mccallum  president of the national oil company wrote an   open letter to dabney house stating that in light  of their actions he had decided not to donate a   million dollars to caltech the dabney family as  republicans disowned dabney house upon hearing of   the protests 21st century since 2000 the einstein  papers project has been located at caltech this   project was founded in 1986 to collect preserve  translate and publish selected papers from   albert einstein's literary area and from other  collections in the fall of 2008 the freshman class   was 42 female a record for caltech undergraduate  enrollment that same year the institute ended a   six-year fundraising campaign the campaign raised  more than 1.4 billion dollars from approximately   16 000 donors nearly half of the funds are  used to support cal tech programs and projects   in 2010 caltech partnered with lawrence berkeley  national laboratory and led by professor   nathan lewis founded the doze center for energy  innovation to develop a revolutionary method for   producing fuel directly from sunlight this hub  the joint center for artificial photosynthesis   will receive up to 122 million dollars in federal  funding over five years since 2012 caltech started   offering classes through massively open online  courses moocs under coursera and from 2013   edx jean lucimo the eighth president announced  on the 19th of february 2013 that he would be   stepping down to accept the presidency of  the king abdullah university of science and   technology thomas f rosenbaum was announced  as caltech's ninth president on october 24   2013 and his term began on july 1st 2014. in 2019  caltech received a 750 million dollars prize for   sustainability research from the resnick family  of the wonderful company the prize is the largest   ever for environmental sustainability research  in the second largest private donation to a us   academic institution after the 1.8 billion dollars  bloomberg gift to johns hopkins university in 2018  

due to president robert a milliken's affiliation  with the human improvement foundation in january   2021 the caltech board of trustees authorized  the removal of millikin's name and the names   of five other historical figures affiliated  with the foundation from the campus building   caltech's 124 acre 50 hectares main campus  is located in pasadena california about 18   kilometers northeast of downtown los angeles it  is within walking distance of pasadena's old town   in pasadena's playhouse district and therefore  both locations are frequent getaways for caltech   students in 1917 hale hired architect bertram  goodhue to produce a master plan for the 22 acre   8.9 hectares campus goodhue laid out the overall  campus layout and designed the physics building   dabney hall and several other structures where  he sought to be consistent with the local climate   the character of the school and hails educational  philosophy goodhue's design for caltech was   also influenced by the traditional spanish  mission architecture in southern california   during the 1960s caltech experienced considerable  expansion in part due to the philanthropy of   alumni arnold obechmann in 1953 beckman was  asked to join the caltech board of trustees   in 1964 he became its chairman over the next  few years as cal tech president emeritus david   baltimore explains arnold beckman and  his wife mabel shaped caltech's destiny   in 1971 a magnitude 6.6 earthquake in san  fernando caused some damage to the caltech campus   engineers evaluating the damage found that two  historic buildings dating to the institute's early   days troophole and the goodhue designed culbertson  auditorium had cracked new additions to the campus   include the cahill center for astronomy and  astrophysics in the walter and leonor annenberg   center for information science and technology  which opened in 2009 and are followed by the   warren and catherine schlinger laboratories  for chemistry and chemical engineering in march one point six 2010 in 2011. calc was founded as  an after-profit corporation and his government  

46 members appointed supervisors that serves a  five-year term the board is currently chaired by   david l lee co-founder of global crossing limited  the trustee elects a president to serve as the   institute's chief executive officer and manages  affairs at the institute on behalf of the board   a provost who serves as the institute's  academic head under the president   and 10 other vice presidents and other senior  positions former georgia tech president jean-luc   shamow became caltech's eighth president on  september 1st 2006 succeeding david baltimore   who has served since 1997. shamow's compensation  for 2008-2009 amounted to 799 472 dollars shimo   served until june 30th 2013. thomas f rosenbaum  was announced as caltech's ninth president on   october 24 2013 and his term began on july 1 2014  caltech contributions are governed by a committee   of permanent trustees and administered by an  investment office the institute is organized   into six main academic divisions biological and  biological engineering chemical and chemical   engineering engineering and applied science  geological and planetary sciences humanities and   social sciences physics mathematics and astronomy  caltech's voting faculty includes all professors   instructors research associates and associates and  university librarians the faculty is responsible   for setting admission requirements academic  standards and curriculum the faculty council   is the representative body of the faculty and  consists of 18 elected faculty representatives   as well as other senior administrative officers  full-time professors are expected to teach classes   conduct research advise students and perform  administrative work such as serving on committees   founded in the 1930s the jet propulsion laboratory  jpl is a federally funded research and development   center ffrdc owned by nasa and operated as  a division of caltech through a contract   between nasa and caltech in 2008 jpl spent  more than 1.6 billion dollars on research   and development and employed more than 5  000 project related and support employees   the director of jpl also serves as vice  president of caltech and reports to the president   of the institute for laboratory management caltech  is a small very residential four-year research   university with slightly more students  in graduate than undergraduate programs   this institution has been accredited by the  western association of schools and colleges   since 1949 caltech uses a quarterly system the  fall semester begins in late september and ends   before christmas the second semester begins  after new year's day and ends in mid-march   and the third semester begins in late  march or early april and ends in early june   for 2020 u.s news and world report ranks  caltech 12th in the united states among national   universities overall eighth for most innovative  and 11th for best value u.s news and world report  

also ranks graduate programs in chemistry and  earth science first among national universities   caltech was ranked first internationally between  2011 and 2016 by the times higher education world   university rankings 70 caltech is ranked as the  best university in the world in two categories   engineering and technology and physical  sciences it was also found to have the   highest faculty citation rate in the world  edit reception for the class of 2023 enrolled   fall 2019 caltech received 8 367 applications  and accepted 6.4 of applicants 235 registered   the class includes 44 women and 56 percent  men 32 percent are of underrepresented descent   including students who identify as american  indian alaskan native hispanic latino   black african-american and or native hawaiian  pacific and six percent are foreign students   admission to caltech is very strict and requires  the highest test scores in the country the middle   50 range of sat scores for freshmen enrolled  for class 2023 is 740 to 780 for evidence-based   reading and writing in 790-800 for mathematics  for a total of 1530-1570 the act composite score   in the middle of the 50 range as 35 to 36 the  middle 50 range of sat math level 2 is 800 to 800.   the middle 50 range for the sat physics subject  test is 760 to 800 the sat chemistry subject test   is 760-800 sat biology subject test is 760-800  tuition and financial aid edit the undergraduate   tuition fee for the 2013-2014 school year is 39  990 and the total annual fee is estimated at 58   755 in 2012 2013 caltech was awarded 17.1  million dollars in need-based assistance  

438 000 in unnecessary assistance and 2.51  million dollars in self-help for enrolled   undergraduate students the average financial  aid package of all students eligible for aid   is thirty eight thousand seven hundred fifty six  dollars and students graduate with an average debt   of fifteen thousand ninety dollars degree program  the four year full-time undergraduate program   emphasizes teaching in the arts and sciences  and has a high degree of graduate coexistence   caltech offers 28 majors called electives  and 12 majors across six academic divisions   caltech also offers interdisciplinary programs  in applied physics biochemistry biotechnology   computing and nervous systems control and dynamic  systems environmental science and engineering   astrobiology geochemistry and planetary  astronomy the most popular electives are   chemical engineering computer science electrical  engineering mechanical engineering and physics   prior to entering the 2013 class caltech requires  students to take a core curriculum of five   math terms five physics terms two chemistry terms  one biology term two lab terms one scientific   communication term three physical education terms  and twelve humanities terms and social sciences   since 2013 only three terms each of mathematics  and physics are required by the institute   with the remaining two terms each required  by certain options a typical class is worth   nine academic units and given the extensive  core curriculum requirements in addition to   individual elective degree requirements students  need to take an average of 40.5 units per semester   over four classes to graduate in four years 36  units is the minimum full-time load 48 units   are considered heavy loads and registration  above 51 units requires an overlay petition   roughly 20 of the students are double majors  this is achievable because the humanities and   social sciences majors have been designed  to be done in conjunction with the science   majors while choosing two options in the same  division is not recommended it is still possible   first year students are enrolled in first semester  classes based on placement exam results in math   physics chemistry and writing and take all classes  in their first two semesters on a pass fail basis   there is little competition collaboration in  homework is encouraged in the honor system   encourages takeaway tests in a flexible homework  schedule caltech offers collaborative programs   with other schools such as pasadena arts  center college of design and occidental college   according to a 2018 pay scale study caltech  graduates are in a median early career salary   of eighty three thousand four hundred dollars in  mid-career one hundred forty three thousand one   hundred dollars placing them in the top five among  us college and university graduates 85 the median   net return on investment over a 20-year period  is 887 000 the 10th highest among u.s colleges  

caltech offers army and air force rotc in  collaboration with the university of southern   california the post-graduate instructional  program emphasizes doctoral studies and   is dominated by the fields of science  technology engineering and mathematics   the institute offers postgraduate degree programs  for masters of science engineering degrees doctor   of philosophy bs per mega siemens and md phd with  the majority of students in phd programs the most   popular electives are chemistry physics biology  electrical engineering and chemical engineering   applicants for postgraduate study are required to  take the gre gre subject scores are required or   highly recommended by some options a joint program  between caltech and the university of southern   california's keck school of medicine and ucla's  david geffen school of medicine awards and md phd   students in this program do their pre-clinical and  clinical work at usc or ucla and their phd work   with members of the caltech faculty including the  divisions of biology chemistry and engineering and   applied sciences the md degree will be from usc  or ucla and the phd will be awarded from caltech   research facilities at caltech  are available to graduate students   but there are opportunities for students  to work in other university facilities   research centers as well as private industry the  graduate student to faculty ratio is four to one   about ninety nine percent of doctoral  students have full financial support   financial support for graduate students comes in  the form of scholarships research assistantships   teaching assistantships or a combination  of scholarship and assistantship support   graduate students are bound by a code of honor  as are students and the graduate honors board   oversees any breaches of the code cal tech  is classified among r1 doctoral universities   very high research activity caltech was elected to  the association of american universities in 1934   and remains a research university with very high  research activity particularly in the stem field   caltech manages research expenditures of 270  million dollars per year ranking 66th among   all u.s universities and 17th among private  institutions without medical school for 2008   95 96 the largest federal agencies contributing to  research or nasa the national science foundation   the department of health and human services the  department of defense and the department of energy   caltech received 144 million dollars in federal  funding for the physical sciences 40.8 million   dollars for life sciences 33.5 million dollars for  engineering 14.4 million dollars for environmental   sciences 7.16 million dollars for computer  science and 1.97 million dollars for maths in 2008   the institution was awarded an all-time high of  357 million dollars in 2009 active funding from   the national science foundation directorate of  mathematics and physical sciences mps for caltech   reached 343 million dollars in 2011 the highest  for any educational institution in the nation   and higher than the total funding allocated to  any state except california and new york york   in 2005 caltech had 739 000 square feet 68 700  square meters dedicated to research 330 000 square   feet 30 700 square meters for the physical  sciences 163 000 square feet 15 100 square   meters for engineering and 160 000 square feet  14 900 square meters for the biological sciences a glimpse of the california institute  of technology thank you for watching   see you next time

2021-12-05

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