Hello I'm Simon Wesley you're watching top 10s Nessen in the video today the top 10 reasons you're wrong about everything. No matter how thoughtful intelligent, well-informed, or, open-minded. You think you are you're. Wrong even if you are humble enough to admit what you don't know odds are you are still falling, victim to a major, cognitive. Fallacy, that keeps you from having an accurate, impression, of, reality. Cognitive, fallacies, are so common, they are almost synonymous, with. Thinking, and like a chicken-and-egg puzzle, they make it exhausting, to try and think your way out of them so whether you want to shatter the illusion of, your false humility or, can't wait to leave a comment at the bottom of this video explaining, how you are actually never wrong about anything this, video should give you plenty, to think about in your own fundamentally. Flawed and biased. Way. Number. 10 your lizard, brain it, turns out size does matter but mostly because of how you use, it or more precisely how. It can be used different, areas of the brain have different, functions, so it isn't the total size that matters so much as the relative, size of different areas which support, different, cognitive processes. And this isn't an endorsement of phrenology it is a question, of capacity. Which may or may, not actually be utilized human, brains are like evolutionary. Onions, they have developed, several layers and each layer adds, both, mass and the capacity, for higher functions, because, we are all superficial, we tend to heap attention, on the last, outer layer, the cerebral. Cortex that, is capable of complex, thought reasoning, and many, of the features we think of as defining, intelligence, or humanity, but superficiality. Is stupid, and we tend to give less credit to the relatively, more important, less evolved, layers namely, the lizard, brain that secretly controls, everything, reptilian. Conspiracy theorists. Rejoice, apparently. You were right all along at, the core of all, brain, activity, is a small combination. Of brain parts found in all vertebrates, that serve mostly, to help keep you alive they, regulate, heart rate breathing equilibrium. Etc. Surrounding, this is the limbic system also, known as the lizard brain because, that's about all, there is inside the average lizards head it interacts, with the central, core to process sensory information generate.
Basic, Emotions, and manage, decision-making, at its most rudimentary, level in short, this bit of the brain is where instinct. Lives every, unconscious, habits or automatic, response jumping, when startled. Eating what tastes good or trying to make babies, originates. In that reptilian, core because, it is obsessed, with survival. Eating escaping, reproducing. The lizard brain has an uncanny ability to shout, over your higher reasoning brain, and take control rendering, the more evolved, lobes the ones that make you smarter, than the average ape impotence, right, when it counts since, it is embarrassing to admit how, often, our behavior, is driven by base animal impulses, we tend to employ the rest of our mammalian, brains to justify. Our behavior rather. Than control, it this is why rationalization. Is common to the point of it being unconscious, it takes a lot of mental effort and concentration to, perpetually. Silence, the lizard brain but, a lot less to delegate, decision-making, to it and select, the cerebral, cortex invent. Excuses to, make those decisions seem, rational like, so many MFA, graduates, you wind up writing generic, marketing copy to pay the rent our higher functions, squander, their talents by simply, dressing, up our primal, instincts, as deliberate, and thoughtful, actions human, evolution has essentially turned us into, artists, because it is easier to invent excuses for, our behavior than, to take active, control of us number, nine threats, perception, as a, species we like to pat ourselves on, the back for being aware of our own mortality as far as we can tell no other animals, on earth possess, this innate knowledge, of their inevitable, death which supposedly, gives us a powerful cognitive, and behavioral. Advantage, except. Our brains are still hardwired. Do you ignore long, term consequences, so that we can better enjoy, short-term, pleasures, just, as our lizard brains don't let our higher functions, waste time trying to reason us out of harm's way they tends not to less thoughtful, consideration, for, impending, disaster, get in the way of a good time the fight-or-flight response. Is really only applicable, in, dealing with an immediate threat when, the risk is more long-term, like obesity or, V robot apocalypse the, lizard, brain becomes, obsessed, with instant, gratification, outside. Of the fight-or-flight response. The lizard brain is basically laying a never-ending game of marry, or kill only, it isn't as interested, in monogamy, as it is in getting fed so the game actually, becomes eat, or kill even, when there isn't an immediate demand, for its services your lizard brain still, wants. Its voice heard and will always, drive you to choose short-term, pleasure over long term security, and when pleasure is involved, as opposed to fear, it makes your lizard brain feel like it's winning the game and it wants you to keep playing this is also known as addiction. It literally, happens in your brain and it is not nearly, as dependent, on the chemical properties of any, substances. Involved as you might think this is why behaviors, can become, just as addictive as anything, you can consume, that is also why treating addiction, takes more than just willpower. You have to physically change your brain to, develop new habits so while you can call upon all your knowledge and all your experience, is to make a decision about how to behave in a given situation you, are simultaneously, working, to suppress your instinct, to simply, do the easiest, most Kanaly satisfying, thing possible, and now. We get to the conclusion which is basically, why things, like Netflix cheaters, and porn, are quite so popular number, 8 Authority. You know that saying never, meet your heroes well that's because there is a gap between what, we expect, people to be and what, they actually are only, it isn't, just heroes, it's everyone. Pretty tall confidence, or even. Just carrying a bloody clipboard, there's a whole, cocktail, of fallacies, of play here but aside, from projecting. A false correlation, of authority, based purely on appearance, that is the timeless. Appeal to. That authority this, can manifest as anything, from a mean image, that uses a famous historical figure to make a quote sound profound when it is actually, nonsense, to using Rotten Tomatoes to, determine, what is or, is not a good movie it is easy to, come up with an opinion but simply having, more of them doesn't make them objective, or informed, even, credentialed. Experts, like doctors, are often operating, more on in formed opinions, than cut and dry facts, and that's assuming the subject in question is actually, within the area of expertise, if a nurse and a doctor disagreed, over the best way to deliver a baby for example people tend to assume that the doctor is the superior, authority. On the matter of course if the nurse was a certified, nurse midwife, a maternity, specialist trained in women's health and pregnancy issues and the doctor was a colorectal, surgeon.
That's A doctor, by the way then, deferring to the doctor suddenly, seems a little misguided but, the natural inclination we, all feel is to simply look for an authority, without, first qualifying, what makes that person an authority, in the first place, number, seven binary, thinking sports. The popular narrative holds, that youth sports, create, character, teach leadership teach, cooperation. And all other sorts, of valuable, life lessons, now all of that may be true but they also train, participants, and spectators alike to view everything as a tribal, contest, between good and bad, between. Right, and wrong I mean us and them, this is why team sports are so eternally. Popular, they reflect, the, way that we think even. Though our brains evolve tolerating. Process, complexity, these new developmental, expansion. Drives take extra, processing, power so we subconsciously simplify. Whenever, is possible and it turns out that it's always possible because there are very few circumstances that, can't be fallaciously, boiled, down to an a/b. Option, just like opposing. Sports teams facing off in a competition, this, is the essence, of binary. Thinking a's and b's ones, and zeroes us and them surviving. As a, tribe requires, cooperation which. Is greatly aided by the perception, of a shared, threat a competing, tribe an opposing, team if you will because, this kind of cooperative, competition worldview. Has been so famously, helpful, in human survival, we project it's simplistic, calculus. On to damn near everything. Else so, that we can make better decisions we can forge alliances and. Elect. The right, candidate, for president no, matter how much you holler about how party membership is a representation. Of ideological, cohesion. Millions. Of year. Of evolution. Make a compelling, counter, arguments, that yet actually, just picked a team and you, want to see them win even, when it comes to what we eat we can't tolerate the dietary, complexity, of the omnivore, instead, we make wild. Extrapolations. Low and fast must also mean low in anything else that might kill us non GMO means, healthy, reduced sodium means, vitamin, enriched our selection. Process for food is, overwhelmed. By creative, labels that speak directly to, our monkey minds looking for the team that, we perceive as healthy. Number. Six the internet believing, your opinions, are valid and correct is like thinking, you know which way is up in an MC Escher drawing it, only works if you limit your focus and deliberately. Ignore, all contradictory. Evidence and, well. There's, this thing and it's called the Internet and it's a near-perfect tool. For doing just that the Internet is won on its way to bringing, the sum total, of human knowledge within, reach of anyone, who connects, to us we have never had more access to information or, more user-friendly platforms. For consuming. And disseminating. Data following. The patterns established by, the advent, of written scripts or the printing press we should be seeing an explosion of. Intelligence, we should be seeing progress, and intellectual. Transformation. But, we aren't what, we are seeing instead, is that people are more interested. In being right than, being informs in making, obnoxious, punchline, comments, than advancing. Discourse, in rickrolling. Earnest, youtubers than, in providing, a video entertainment, experience. Rather, than an escalator. To the pinnacle of, human achievement the. Internet is really just, a utility, for, feeding confirmation, bias confirmation, bias, is the human tendency to agree, with people who say, things that, we also think, say things we also feel, this, gives us a great surge of confidence online. You can find someone arguing for or agreeing. With virtually. Anything this, means no matter how, objectively. Wrong you are you can find someone, else on your, side now, through the power of binary, thinking which we mentioned before you can boldly. Assume infallibility. By association. After, all if people, agree with you than the real problem, isn't with your ideas, it is with the people who disagree, with your ideas the Internet in combination.
With Social media feeds, a similar, but different problem. And that's selection. Bias this is where we tend to seek out opinions, that match ours and ignore, those that, don't the fact that you can block Facebook friends from your feet seems like, a feature but it is really just proof of how the Internet is an automated, cognitive. Fallacy, multiply, your friends network by the news, channels you watch the papers, you read the people you talk to the movies you see the restaurants, you patronize, in the house of worship you, attends and you can see how we aren't really looking for truth which is looking to avoid conflict, a possible, defense against, the overwhelming, human, tendency, to indulge these biases, has cropped up in the form of big, data a massive, automated algorithmic. Assessment, of raw data through various, query based lenses, President, Obama even established, the Office of data science, in an effort to bring some measure of scientific, and mathematical objectivity. To the direction, of US federal policy, either that or even, the White House is losing ground in the fight against. Artificial intelligence, number. 5 distorted. Memories memories. Are less like images etched into granite and more like soft play-doh we accidentally, step on and mixed together until everything, is a gross gray color in less metaphorical, terms memories, are never, complete as we learn make new memories experience. New emotions, and find ourselves in new contacts, trying, to remember something all this, new mental baggage lands, directly, on the memories we are trying to recall when, we remember something we aren't simply recalling, us like a photo in an album we are interacting. With it projecting, new memories new knowledge, and biases. Onto the old memory sometimes, we construct. Memories, through some combination of, suggestion. And desire, or perhaps fear for, example if you are about to go on a date you might find yourself visualizing. Disaster, scenarios, and the, date ends in, lonely, tears the, emotionally, jarring, imagery might even compel you to picture, the disaster, over and over again until, the repetition. Emblazoned. The whole scene on your memory as though. Actually happens alternatively. You might find the experience of that hot date so sensual, that you expedited. Storage, straight to long-term memory, unfortunately. You can have efficiency, or you, can have accuracy but, you can't have both, in order, to make memories easier, to recall our brains take shortcuts, and then fill in the gaps whenever, we call on them this sort of adaptive, memory relies, on your present-day, intellectual, context, and capacity, to make up for what you didn't actively, connect, a memory it's sort of like saving your finished novel as a Word document and then opening, it back up I need to find a 900-page. Mad Libs epic except that you doesn't even realize that you are filling in random nouns and adjectives, to complete the story it is also highly, suggestible, which is why I witness, testimony, is basically. Worthless, if they are gently, nudged towards thinking something, they retro, actively convince themselves that, that is what they actually saw. Outside of the occasional trauma or joy that is the stuff of dynamic, memory there, is the unassuming, everyday, drudgery, that makes up the bulk of our lives like the commute, to work while the layout of your home this is the background scenery, that seems so, unchanging that. Our brains actually stop noticing, it and just assume, it is there a cognitive, function which is known as habituation, our brains are much more engaged by novelty. Than familiarity. So when stimulation, becomes a routine it stops penetrating, all the way through to every layer of the brain and starts getting filtered out there, simply noise number. Four ageing, getting. Old is bad, for your brain if you've ever met an old person you might already be familiar with the telltale signs of cognitive decline forgetfulness. Their reflexes impaired, judgments, etc. Of course there is no set age at which one becomes olds and their brains start getting unreliable, Alzheimer's.
Can Begin to develop in patients, as young as 40 and well 40, is the new 30 so, no one's really immune but. Even, if you reach your golden years in peak physical fitness that still means, you've spent a lifetime recalling. Old memories, which as you're recall is not a passive process by, then your long-term memory will, be a mess, of reconstruction. Adaptation. Suggestion. And pure, invention that, is hardly, recognizable as, an accounts of what you, experienced, in your life and, when you start preparing yourself to face the grim specter, of death you'll, likely want to believe that you lived a good life which means you're subjectively, recall, memories, through a very, thick lattice of nostalgia, the future may be uncertain, but you'll always have the good old days to reflect on because, you, are probably making, them up as a compensating, mechanism for, the lack of true and reliable. Memories and you'll, likely be spending, a lot more time wrapped, up in your comfort blanket if your imaginary past because, your brain's ability to perceive, sensory, information is also, going to decline as you age sugar. Literally. Is going to taste less sweet and all of your favorite foods will become less, appetizing. You'll, remember everything is tasting better back in the day because in the current day you barn really fully capable of experiencing. The same simple, pleasures of life bearing. That in mind maybe, the next time the grumpig easy you run across will seem less like a curmudgeon and more, like another example of the quiet, tragedy, of the human experience, number. Three groupthink, if, American. Anti-drug. Advertising, is to be believed peer pressure's, primary, function is to get kids to take drugs in a desperate bid to seem cool it is easily countered by the forceful, repetition, of no to any offer, that involves, social conformity in, reality, peer pressure is one of the key evolutionary. Advantages, that helps humans survive, and thrive adopting. A cooperative, strategy, might allow hunters to take down a mammoth and enjoy more, spoils, than they would have if they hunted individually, toddlers, learned most of their early lessons like how to talk or when to laugh by trying, to imitate the people around them the military indoctrinate. Soldiers, to follow orders and work as a units because everyone, having their own idea, about how to behave in combat, is a, solid way to get everyone killed but, our tendency, to crowdsource our, decisions, isn't limited to learning, and survival, tactics, similar, to that appeal to Authority we mentioned, earlier group think functions, as an individual, default, to the apparent will of the crowd, it isn't just high schoolers who want to be part of the in-crowd and that's why angry mobs bandwagons.
And The wave are all such standard. Features of people, assembling, it's, also why your opinion on a single issue can, be extrapolate. To an entire, political, platform when, you find a group who agrees with you you naturally, want to continue, agreeing, with them by, extension even when we find ourselves disagreeing. With the group we all self police that disunity, and silence. Dissent so as not to injure our membership, this in combination, with deference to Authority is how humans are able to come together and produce such, hallmark, events as, a genocide, much, as we celebrate, the illusionary notions, of individuality, this, tendency, to try to blend in mirror behavior and offload, thinking to a group as almost, impossible, to prevent once enough people start, mingling it is unconsciously. Activated, by socialization. And the only defense goes against instinct, and popular, opinion and being. Unpopular really. Is for us quite, the worst number two conditioning. What, is free will that's, a trick question, you have no idea because most of what you perceive as deliberate, behavior is actually, a conditioned, response from. Your minor daily habits to your entire, sense, of identity, you are overwhelmingly. The product of conditioning. Other one is known as training. This is the exact same way you get pets and babies do defecate. With more precision if you aren't a pet owner you've still more than likely heard of the experiments, of Pavlov, particularly, the part about when the dog began salivating, upon hearing the ringing of a bell well culture, is to people what ringing, Bell is to the dog except, in society, the people holding the bell may not realize what they are doing so both the trainer and the trainee are participating, in the conditioning, process unawares. This is basically our superstitions, aborn by failing to differentiate. Between correlation. And causation, we find ourselves augmenting. Behavior purely out of a perceived association. With the desired outcome, plus memory distortions, can actively, feed conditioning, we remember, certain key features, of what appears, to be a cause and effects and then link the two without, reconsidering, the basis, for that connection we simply, remember, it since proceed to act honest as though, it is a fact whether, it starts as an effort to avoid pain embarrassment. Public shaming loneliness. Or the pursuit of pleasure friends, laughter, comfort, social acceptance, your life soon becomes one long chain of conditioned. Responses, there's only seem like choices because of the stories, you tell yourself, about them in fact number, one its, narrative thinking, most people think of empathy.
As The capacity, to put oneself in someone, else's shoes if you could imagine what something feels like that, must mean you understand, how someone is actually feeling right, the key here is that in order to relate to something you need to see yourself in that, person's shoes everything, we perceive or, think about we, convert to a first-person. Perspective our, minds are inherently. Self-centered. This is the essence, of narrative. Thinking all of existence is, a story, and we, think that we have a main character not, only is this the bridge connecting, us to our fellow humans, it is one of the primary, ways we make decisions, big or small intrinsic. Or even relative, value matter much less to us when expressing, preference, for, a particular musician, brands, lifestyle, religion or hair color the value they add to our lives starts, as the story we tell ourselves about, them and how, they enrich, our own sense of ourselves is, the leading player we, tell stories to explain everything. Even our everyday speech is riddled with metaphors but, nothing more so than, our own behavior, narrative, thinking is how we persistently. Ignore, the bundle of instinct, and emotion, regulating, our behavior and turn it all into a blends of destiny. And deliberation. It is how we take perfectly, good memories, and sensory, perception, and muddle, them into whatever, we want them to be our brains even, tell stories, subconsciously. Filling, in perceptual, gaps to make sense of stimuli, otherwise, known as illusions. So. I really, hope you enjoyed that video and don't forget to subscribe to this channel for brand new videos every, single day also I've got a podcast it's called brain food and it's educational entertaining. Content just like this it's, a bit longer form and it goes into a lot more depth, on a specific, subject, really, getting into all of those fascinating, little details you can check it out through the link in the description, below or just by searching your favorite podcast, app for brain, foods and if you like this YouTube channel you are sure to love that podcast but, if you want to watch something else right now why not check out a related video from the top tens archives, over there on the right and as always thank. You for watching.
2018-07-01