Well, so what is it, the plastic world has won? Yes, not on my shift, no matter where you go, everywhere there is this damn plastic, they find it even in your testicles and According to forecasts, Very soon we will all be living in the Big Dump of Pet bottles Hello, Dani Craster laboratory bnb and today we will talk about plastic recycling and find out whether everything is really so bad or whether we still have a chance, no matter what area you go into, there will be a bunch of plastic in any case things or at least several parts made of plastic and it’s no wonder we won’t go into a course in chemistry to understand the reason for the leadership of plastic among all produced materials in the world, just pay attention to the fact that it is cheap and easy to manufacture and has pi performance characteristics as a result. And in addition, it is resistant to acids and alkali-resistant, water-resistant, does not corrode, does not conduct electricity well, so to speak, taking away the recipe for the ideal material, but there is also the other side of the coin. So you took some coffee from Shaw for lunch he grabbed and threw a glass of polyethylene and a container of polystyrene into the trash bin and didn’t even seem to give a shit. So what’s the problem with Craster, the period of natural decomposition of plastic reaches several hundred years and when it is burned, a huge amount of toxic poisons is released into the atmosphere: carbon dioxide phosgene and hydrogen bromide the problem of plastic pollution is the scourge of our time because every year we raise it, it has only reached the point where plastic particles are found in fish in the ocean, what the hell is this? I'm asking you, every year the average person produces more than 50 kg of plastic waste and if the current state of affairs remains unchanged, by 2050 about 12 billion tons of plastic will be stored in landfills, the total weight of waste will be 17,000 times heavier than the St. Petersburg Lakhtacenter bu Scared Don't be afraid So what should we do with this
Craster let's think tell me that you are the brains Well I don't know Let's get it let's take it and melt it all together because it's plastic that melts at low temperatures , we melted it and got this [ __ ] on a shovel what are you [ __ ] what can you do with it because firstly it breaks and secondly it breaks between the layers some of them are plastic, some are fragile, in general they are completely damaged. Well, what happens somehow, it needs to be sorted, separated one plastic from another and recycled. Separately, some even too melt and roll And what types of plastic are there in general? Let's figure it out. There is a system for sorting this recyclable plastic; moreover, it can vary from country to country, but in Russia we have a gradation of seven items, let's start with the first number one - this is the well-known polyethylene terephthalate, these are all sorts of peds bottles packaging for khachik plates bowls etc.
high barr sst resistant to sunlight if there is a special sign Can be heated in microwaves or ovens it is not recommended to reuse number two high-density polyethylene aka p VP all sorts of packages barrels toys and canisters that you can find in everyday life high strength and resistance to chemicals heat treatment up to 90° is allowed under the third number we have the well-known polyvinyl chloride aka Hit all sorts of toys, window frames, siphons and items of clothing such as Ket. Safe to use in domestic and industrial conditions. But can release harmful substances only with targeted combustion. four - this is low-density polyethylene, also known as Bags, the ubiquitous bags, you will take a bag, high strength and resistance to chemical influences, it is not recommended to heat and store hot food and the unacceptable use of a microwave oven So you know number five, polypropylene, the ubiquitous helmets, all kinds of electrical wiring connectors and even gray ones, these ones plumbing pipes high strength and chemical resistance Can be heated in the microwave and can be frozen number six polystyrene it is also polystyrene foam suitable for one-time use with cold food and it is in it that they will bring you your favorite shavukha on the other hand it is not recommended to heat and store hot food unacceptable use of a microwave oven under seven we are marked with all other non-recyclable plastics that even contain a combination of some other complex polymers or filled with some kind of filler were divided Nishtyak, well, what to do with it now? Well, the simplest method, for example, in some forest. If you want to recycle plastic, it’s to burn it, and besides, you’ll get rid of it directly from the plastic itself in nature you can also get a certain amount of energy Let's try [ __ ] move away from something Yes glass trust something went wrong but we redid our installation it would be worth understanding from the beginning that for experiments with fire, you need to use heat-resistant test tubes Although these are not test tubes, but some other spelled thing , the turbine is spinning, the electric generator is spinning, using the thermal energy that we get from burning plastic, what can we do here at this moment? Well, firstly, we can use this electricity to produce more more plastic Well, or simply turn it into electricity, which will then go through our networks. Also, by burning this plastic, you can heat other plastic without access to oxygen; we distill it, turning it into eco-fuel like this [ __ ] butter This is plastic moonshine, a method called depolymerization is obtained when we distill some plastic into some kind of liquid Fraction, and a combustion plant of this kind can be built right in the city; they use such filtration systems that do not produce emissions into the environment and In general, they are safe for the residents of this city, but is it possible to recycle all plastic in this way? The problem is that some plastics, when burned, release toxic substances, all sorts of phosgene dioxins and other horseradish bromine shit, that’s why you can always cut your Five-Year Plans into the most beautiful white swans And that’s why they came up with several more types of processing, such as chemical dissolution with all sorts of solvents and other substances, while the plastics break down into some simpler compounds, their polymer is destroyed there, they can somehow then use it, but the problem is that it is expensive and, again, not applicable to all plastics. There are even experimental methods of processing using fungi and bacteria. When in a special bioreactor we have plastic is pumped into it, ground up, all sorts of animals are added in the form of micro all sorts of creatures that eat this plastic, release their waste products and it all works on the principle of decomposition of a stool when we made moonshine, maybe you remember we added special enzymes that destroy wood, but with plastic it’s absolutely the same story Recently, even several dozen species of fungi and bacteria have been discovered that can do this, but the problem is that, firstly, the technology. Experimental
costs there are few, but they are very long and they haven’t learned how to do this on a large scale yet, and another funny thing: while all these bacteria and fungi are contained in the bioreactor, everything is fine, and as soon as they tear it out of there and start eating all the plastic that is in the world, which is considered a corrosion-resistant material, and so on and so forth something like that, we will have to come up with a new type of super plastic that they won’t eat, another problem. Well, today we will talk more specifically and in detail about the type of plastic processing that we touched on at the very beginning. Namely crushing and remelting using the example of any low-density polyethylene and polypropylene we go to Moscow And so we changed the location and came to Anton Anton hello Hello Dan Please tell us where we are you are in the Shukhov Lap laboratory this is the towers Xia laboratory which is called experimental urban design here we are engaged subject industrial design and the application of this in the urban environment and what exactly do you do in the laboratory we conduct educational activities we conduct a course in industrial prototyping, me and my colleagues, which is essentially a tracing paper for a course on how to make almost everything in the world, this is what we teach our guys. What
processing technologies do you use here or may be affected in some way? We are experimenting with different materials; we have experimented with paper and more We devoted part of our time to processing plastic, working with plastic is exactly what we need today, and maybe you can show us some parts that you made with Yes, of course, they are actually here in fact, right next to us, there are a number of different prototypes of plastic products, these are recycled lids. That is, this is what is marked with a two. In triangles, Torno was used at the tower. There is a student organization called the Green Tower, they collect plastic inside the campus and part of this plastic ends up with us and we can make something new out of it, like this. For example, a top, yes, that is, we can launch it and there’s this young lady dancing, part of the garbage that you generate within the walls of the university you use by itself any other trays for food? Well, I mean this kind of plan, yes. And there are different types of plastic. Deuce pnd hdp in English, this is the plastic that forgives artisanal processing. That is, if we take some kind of polycarbonate, it has a fairly narrow range temperatures with which you Well, you can do something with it And well, on your knee it’s very difficult to work with it, and polyethylene is so light, it’s friendly to a beginner and you can do a lot of different things with it We Of course, we use not only polyethylene, we often work with recycled plastic from 3D printing. For example, it’s detailed,
in my opinion, yes, that is, they baked a sheet from it. Well, actually, we can use some different technologies. But the best thing is with three-dimensional objects. polyethylene here And it’s also affordable and everyone brings it to us as soon as they find out that we’re doing something with plastic.
Let’s move on right away to see how you do it, right here, let’s look at it itself technology kah I’m here here are some caps from St. Petersburg prize let’s check that this is rysh on all the caps it is written and on these ones it is not written that they are made of polyethylene but it feels like they are made of it so now it’s Monday 17 there are some figures from the USA There are different numbers if it’s not in triangles give me a candle let’s try to grind it let’s what can we do with them now we can turn it into something new let’s start by making sheets which in turn then will turn into something else, let’s say, with the help of a milling machine, a laser cutting machine Yes, at least they sent out metal scissors Yes, look, you just take it and sprinkle it, be careful not to burn it The time has expired, the device is beeping heart-rendingly, it’s time to take it out Well, actually, nothing seems to have leaked out, let’s leave it to cool And Look at me here, I still have some flex left, how can we flex more? And now we’ll fall asleep injector o So, what are these interesting things we have like, have you ever glued something together with a glue gun snot snot glue Well, Imagine that this is the same thing only three or four times more, here is a similar story, that is, with the help of this long handle we Now we will just push these plastic granules into the heating zone. That is, there is also a thermal controller there, respectively, heating elements are thermocouples. We will now make the mediators that were discussed; this is one of the first forms that I even started let's assemble it It's going to be a little strange, that is, we're just assembling these four screws We have glacial holes in this form, there are no locks here, the function of the locks is performed by the banners themselves , that is, we substitute its shape with this very hole for the injector And when you're ready Tribute Take it by the handle and slowly pull it down short of the pla there is plastic already there but we are now come on come on stronger stronger stronger stronger come on come on come on, we got an excellent casting And we can immediately push it out right away, keep it cool and it looks branded the first time it happened. I was incredibly delighted. This is a mold for furniture handles, we made it
with my students, I was in some moment I got a taste for this casting and thought how complex things I could do with these artisanal technologies, the first idea that came to me was to make an embedded element. That is, a furniture handle can, in principle, be cast and then drill a hole in order to screw a screw into it and screw it to the cabinet, but it’s much more fun to put some element and then you unscrew it and get a perfect thread in general, from the point of view of plastic processing, it’s very bad for some foreign elements to float inside the plastic Because then you don’t can you rework this? That is, if I made a handle with a bolt. That’s how I can’t do it. remove from the casting This is bad from the point of view of processing because then you won’t throw it into the shredder, you will have to get the metal out first, that’s why it’s good from the point of view of processing to do it . So, accordingly, we’ll now put in these two M4 screws, assemble the mold and keep it cast under pressure. Well, how As far as I can, of course, not a thermoplastic machine op Well, so that he sits correctly Well, so that Yes, give him some opportunity, these are more voluminous parts, let’s give them a minute a minute 30 seconds a little bit Yes ho stop We, in principle, can assemble the following form, I was wondering further: Can I make two that fit together? I made a top in which the top is one part and the rotating part is the second Yes And, also speaking about the question of multi-part forms, sometimes it is more profitable to scatter your object into several separate parts than to try Let's substitute these guys here is a very, very small volume and there are three parts at the same time Davi Davi Yeah good stop stop stop stop there is a very small volume so it was necessary I was too lazy to assemble it to the end. I see, well, by the way, let's see what happened, it's funny, well, now we'll try to cast them better one more time, rubbish BC Well , the tops of the dancing young ladies are cut very well, that is, even the milling surface here is not very good, like a cheap Soviet one toy This is the bottom for these Tops and since the embedded part here is a screw, we need to unscrew it in a clever way, the shape is designed so that what can be done for it unscrew Well, I thought that there would be some kind of problem with this, but it turned out that it actually unscrews quite easily. So we got this top,
there are green inclusions, we’ll take some kind of top And here it is, our toy Well, damn, this is a thrill in fact, despite the fact that in general this is a simple thing, the fact that it is made in this way and the fact that the two parts fit each other is of course a thrill when assembling it. Come on Start it spinning E works Let's see what we have in that form Wow They've probably already cooled down and recharged, but it spilled quite well, you know this is an important point that these covers have not been used and they are, well, clean and therefore the plastic flows well, that is, in fact this is almost primary plastic, this is the so-called production output Very often, manufacturers use Well, they say that they use recycled plastic, in fact they use their own defect and it’s like not a real secondary product That’s actually it our furniture handles, we can now unscrew this screw from them. The thread inside is quite good; to my surprise, the thread is quite good. That is, I was completely confident that this embedded element would simply tear the casting because the plastic has quite serious shrinkage and, for some reason, no See just look at the high-quality thread I was in great surprise when I did it for the first time, you can also use high-quality screws, it will generally be close to ideal, and what kind of material to choose from that will influence for shrinkage cooling Oh, and well, for something more serious, pour with a normal controller with a normal exchange of plastic, unfortunately now we only mix black plastic and we don’t see this beauty of the material Well, that’s the reason I liked it so much in recycled plastic which is why I started working with him, why when you mix different colors? Yes, here you can see from the back you can get these overflows of colors in your Well, some products from the point of view of normal plastic production This is a defect Because that this is not a mixture of granules and this means unpredictable behavior of plastic almost never. We don’t see such
a pattern in mass-produced plastic products, but it looks very cool, as if it were oil paint; strokes are directly visible; brushes; a lot of people are here; someone sees minced meat here; tell me what you are you see a beautiful butterfly, someone In general, it’s interesting, it’s like an impressionist painting, or that is, it’s interesting to look at, that is, it’s interesting from the point of view of industrial design, very substances, what do we see here? We see the wrong approach here to the design of plastic parts in general, we see here a rather severe shrinkage, that is , this part is, plus or minus, uniform in thickness. Well, of course, it has a thickening, but it’s not as critical as it is here, yes And now the plastic has cooled from the outside earlier than inside and this shrinkage goes inside. Usually when you pour aluminum, it also always turns out to have such a shell on top. Well, accordingly, all that remains is to shoot and mill the turners, you don’t need to mill once. Well, then you pressed the handle and wow, you got a thing, you want a second one, assemble the mold, make it once again it's a thrill Let's go see what happened to the leaf Let's go open it Yes, it's ice-cold, you threw it out onto the street Yes, to quickly so that there is a temperature shock give it, yes, listen to something, it’s firmly stuck to me, I think it’s stuck because ViDi here he’s dirty, he’s doing something like this. Come on, I’ll write you another sheet and send it to you by mail, yes, let’s agree on Toms, picks and tops - this is a super thrill especially mediators, provided that their guitarists constantly lose them. What else can you do with the help of such technology? This is technology
from about the seventies of working with plastic, but if we remember Soviet plastic, that’s about all that The Soviet Union could make it out of plastic. We, in principle, can do it on our knees in a small laboratory. The question is labor productivity. A modern machine of some kind and production can produce tens of thousands of products per day. And you are using a manual injector. Well, how much
strength do you have for a couple of hours of work there? a few hours, you’ll make some kind of circulation now there are semi-shrubs, pneumatics are more fun, some automated ones, it depends, in principle, on your appetite, the larger the thing, the naturally more expensive it is and the more difficult it is to cast, but some small things It’s quite possible to produce them to a fairly good quality in a small, almost educational workshop. What do you think, is this purely a hobby or can it be turned into some kind of small-scale business using some kind of injection molding machines if you find a certain niche? I think that you can definitely make a business out of this. I rode a little on a cycling track on a cycling track. The toe clips on my cycling shoes wear off all the time and our Moscow dudes copied a Western manufacturer and successfully sold their small editions of these very rare expensive parts. But about plastic processing in general in Russia and in the world. What do you think, like where this area will go all over the world, very government regulation helps with this; the main problem in Russia in the world is that We have very cheap primary plastic, that is, making something plastic from new plastic from New polymers is cheaper simply in terms of materials than recycled materials, because secondary materials must be brought back, you need to wash it all, it’s expensive as a rule, manual labor and, most importantly, at the end you don’t get material as good as the primary one. Partly there are industries that use recycled material everywhere, and that is, it’s a common story when you add secondary material there in the amount of 5-10 about the total mass that Boshe Well, otherwise it’s too unpredictable. Imagine that you have, again, this huge thermoplastic machine that produces parts very quickly and in one of the parts you come across some I don’t know hair that clogs injection of this form and your production stops, the whole conveyor stops, costs arise Yes from yes And this is a short problem I don’t know, maybe the economic situation will change, maybe our knowledge of polymers will improve, maybe we ’ll learn how to somehow process them differently because not all plastics, for example, are done by hand sorted, that is, if we look at some kind of bottle, which itself is made of PTA, the lid is made of HD PE, they are usually crushed and washed directly together and then they are simply immersed, well, in my opinion, in a conventional saline solution and they themselves are divided into fractions due to density, yes, that is. And in fact,
there are industrial processes that allow this to be simplified, there are plastics such as polystyrene foam, which are almost not processed at all because it is a huge volume and very very small weight, very small mass, there is plastics for which manufacturers are directly fighting, that is, some kind of stretch film, it is almost all made from recycled materials Well, except for food And this is directly currency on the secondary market, that is, by the way, this is quite common yes yes, seriously, most of these plastics, which are well proven, are recycled and end up in landfills they don’t really lie here, there are all sorts of strange situations like the sea Yes, in which Well, they just lost Yes and Well, this is naturally an environmental problem, but if we are talking about some large urban agglomerations, then plus or minus everything here is already divided and goes to a certain plant So look It’s all up to you, you can come up with a technology that will help sort some kind of poorly recyclable thing like packaging, these tetrapacks. I heard that they have problems. It’s funny. I have friends who have small ones. factory for processing It is tetrapack that they soak this tetrapack cardboard and sell it off as recycled cardboard. And then they are left with a sandwich of something like polyethylene with aluminum and they crush it right together and get something like this. Well, it’s like polyethylene flakes and they directly inject with them and it turns out to be quite an interesting surface, you know, it’s like a flake. It glitters quite interestingly; good material; and
they quite often make all sorts of souvenirs; it’s really interesting It’s interesting to look at all this with examples. I have a friend Nikita Truck who just makes his own merch, often different keychains, carabiners and all sorts of things. This is another example. Well, I don’t know how successful it is, but still it’s very successful. But this is me This is a history that everyone can do in general, like in a hobby, come up with some new technology or some combination of technologies that can directly solve the problems there on a massive scale. And listen, look, there is such an international project called the precious Plastic project David Hawkins was such a guy, he’s an engineer, he was puzzled by the problem that there are people who are eager to recycle this plastic, but you can’t buy a machine that, well, in the kitchen, let’s say, it will allow you to grind or inject it, he drew it. He posted it in
an open source and this project was born: prous Plastic you can go there and download the drawings, there are all the layouts for laser cutting of metal, a whole bunch of materials, please assemble all these cars for yourself and do a business in the garage or not a business, do some kind of education program dedicated to this Anton Thank you very much I’m sure we can talk about this for a couple more hours but we just can’t keep the attention of some comrades we’ll leave this for next time thank you very much As you may have noticed, everyone can do recycling at home or in a garage, but that’s all This is, of course, a drop in the ocean of garbage and this problem needs to be given much more attention, starting for example with separate waste collection, and also each of you can directly invent some kind of product that will be produced using recycled materials or come up with a technology in general a completely new one that will allow the production of such gizmos by itself, all this should be solved with the help of Educating the population directly and the participation of the state to expand and support this area because even for existing factories in Russia for processing plastic, raw materials, that is, [__] garbage itself, are purchased for the most part from abroad we don’t have our own garbage, so think Dani Craster and the bnb poke team were with you
2024-12-15