hello okay good morning everyone today we have joined this webinar on the topic of carbon capture utilization and specification with our expert case who is working as a modeling engineer in engine ER Road Technologies management limited she completed her graduation in beta Temple using from RTA menu in 2017 and she has an experience of nearly four years in the industry she has successfully designed an absorption and a stripping column using S1 Plus she has also analyzed various techniques for energy reduction during CC us which is the topic of the webinar she has contributed in research while working for defense forehead she is also trained in hrd and job study she is contributed in the implementation of TPM and laid 5S team of the department he is also published a book in the Wiley Publications which is titled as Nano materials for remediation of selenium in water so we would like to welcome you and I'd like to hand over the system to you first of all very good morning to all respective faculty and all your children thank you for inviting me it's my honor to be here as my intro is well given now you all know me so I would like to ask how are you all are students there sir uh my message they are watching through the Facebook live okay it is it will not be interactive yeah did you send the questions so it's great so today I'll be introducing produced to a very called ccus ccus is nothing but carbon capture utilization and its sequestration or storage ccos is a technology which is in great Trend right today and globally it is it is in great strength so let's move on to our first slide here we can see first of all I would like to ask what is the statement for the first log thermodynamics energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but it can be transferred from one form to another right everybody is aware of this law so humans in the need of fulfilling their amenity and bringing advancements has taken advantage of fossil fuels to generate energy we have generated energy from possible first we have converted it from heat to mechanical energy and then mechanical to electrical energy in this way we have transform energy from one form to another right but in the race of bringing the advancement we have neglected the adverse effect causing poor environment due to this fossil fuel the first thermal power energy generation has been generated in 18 for in 1882. energy generation via first thermal power plant has done in 1882 and almost after a century in 1972 we have realized that it is causing great harm to our environment and since then the race has begin which is called as ccul OS is a technology that can capture CO2 mainly from the environment and utilize this captured CO2 from some better purposes to make some value-added products which we could utilize and make the world carbon neutral so because why we are transforming this energy from one form to another because at least as it is the form of energy we cannot destroy it it's the only aim of ours is to transfer it from one to another phase today we will see what is the role of ccus in mitigating the climate change so as everybody of us are aware about what is greenhouse what is Greenhouse Effect and what are greenhouse gases carbon dioxide is the main culprit in the greenhouse gases due to abundance in nature as it is present in abundant in nature nowadays we oftenly hear that from the scientists or experts or from the media we hear that some plants or some animal is on the verge of Extinction why it is happening what is the reason behind it here is our Sinister CO2 is the main Sinister whatever is happening around the world whatever adverse and worse worse things are happening around the world here on the right hand side we can see the number of disasters natural calamities like floods and drugs has doubled since last two decades after several studies expert has found that since 2000 the reported disaster has doubled in Number the number of deaths caused in millions has also increased the number of people affected due to floods drugs and other natural Calamity also has increased and so do the economical losses and the main reason behind this is the carbon dioxide because carbon dioxide is affecting to our environment and Earth so adversely eating it is leading us to the adverse Society United Nation and warm and power program is a organization according to this which is broadly known as Union according to unit our generation is the last generation that can treat or that can save the future generation from the climate change after our generation there is no way out here in this graph we can see the road map of uh carbon dioxide emission reduction some expert after several studies have came to a solution that if several parameters has been followed and several way out has been drawn such as ccos user usage of green fuel bioenergy and electrification we can reduce the CO2 in this manner this will be the road map if if this amount of this parameter has been used the ccos will be used then we can reduce it up to 2070 the effect will be not very quick just because many research and gaps are still needed to be filled so it will lead us a very small effect but it will be beneficial for us and we can say our globe so electrification also we have to do if the process is either carbon neutral or carbon sink greenhouse gases as I said earlier greenhouse gases are the major contributors and the main villains who is the main villain now other gases are also similarly responsible but as methane nitrous oxide Etc other greenhouse gases are present in very less quantity around the globe it was it is not living that much effect as compared to CO2 as CO2 is present in abundance from the point sources or non-point sources which are identifical or non-identifical it has leading a great effect the main sources of carbon dioxide or fossil fuel combustion power generation transportation and domestic heating cooking and even this vehicular emission that also comes in transportation so here the main culpritis carbon dioxide again thank you now what is global warming global warming is nothing but a waste disposal problem our poor waste disposal management or waste disposal management is not aligned I would say that is leading because leading to cause the global warming India is ranking third with a number of 36 billion ton of CO2 emissions per year and it will continue to increase if any action is not taken now there so there is a serious need to take some action and these smart brains like you the new brains like you students you can do something you can find some solution to trade this Paris convention is an uh agreement for the global Industrial properties Paris convention is the agreement for the global industrial property it has adopted in 1883 and now India is a member of Paris convention according to Paris convention the global temperature should not rise above 2 degree celsius as compared to the pre-industrial time but our studies show that it will rise up to 3.1 to 3.7 degree celsius as compared to pre-industrial era so we have to achieve this goal by 2050 it has the agreement the agreement has been made up to 2050 we have to at least start or at least discover some technologies that can that will be able to make our environment carbon neutral and we have to achieve this goes completely by 2100 from 2050 to 2100 okay here in this graph we can see the annual generation of CO2 globally from fossil fuel only since 1990 the annual Global emission of CO2 has increased from 22 gigaton to 38 degrees it has almost increased by 50 percent since last two decades it is a very serious problem what will be the scenario in this running decade if it will not be treated then it will leave some major effects for future generation or for our further Generations also during this whole time since 1990 the global future emission has fall only twice twice in two decades in last 20 years it has fall for two times only that is one in 2010 due to global financial crisis and that is to only by 1.2 percent
and another second time it has fall due to covet pandemic that is by 5.4 percent so do we need more Global crisis or more pandemic to create the CO2 Avail the need of pandemic or crisis no definitely not we don't need the pandemic or crisis but we need the detailed research and actions to be taken and as I said again the smart brains are you are having this privilege to dig into this and find some new ideas for the betterment of our future not only a big action or big resources will be responsible or will contribute towards the emission or to stop the emission but the small steps taken by you and your small good habits can also contribute to it say uh like if you stop wasting water the pumping costs will be reduced and so the electricity will be reduced if you'll stop wasting the electricity unnecessary you can save somehow some percent of CO2 from the environment if you will work for short distance rather than taking vehicle it will lead to less air pollution and less emission of gases at the same time you will stay fit and somewhere you will contribute point zero zero zero one percent towards the carbon reduction so I think this awareness is much needed for today's generation and the further coming generation so why ccos is vital for India as I said India is the third largest emitter even being a third largest emitter we have only one single facility One Pilot facility to treat the ccos to capture the carbon and to make something good out of it and we Indians the smart brains are lagging technologically behind to meet this target what is the reason behind it why we are lagging behind as compared to U.S China Japan the reason is very simple lack of awareness brain drain lack of study hiding of records and issues this could be the possible several reasons that we are lagging behind our generation is running or diverted towards something else rather than the technological aspect and also the I would say brain drain is the biggest cause because in our country because we are utilizing our ideas to go in some other country and work for them rather than utilizing it in our country so thank you and in our country very less people are aware that carbon is such a big problem that that can lead us to several disasters to our country and right now it needs much attention of us as compared to other things here in this graph you can see this red dots are representing pilot and demonstration studies which are under operation or research phase Vera whereas the blue dots representing the pilot and demonstration study which are completed so where you can find India here India has only single pilot Den demonstration studies which is completed and implemented right now power station at this Bengal in southern part of India has a single facility for CCS that is also not ccus for CCS CCs is the integral part of ccos this step has been taken they are converting the captured CO2 into baking soda and has the capacity to trade 60 000 tons of CO2 per year it is a it is a great capacity but more actions are needed in India so that we can stand with the world outside right here in this slide we can see these several factors in which the power the CO2 emission is much higher so the biggest sector is energy generation the power generation is the sector where the emission is the maximum the other sectors like Iron and steel industry transportation construction agricultural cement industry these are also contributing but it is less as compared to the energy generation sector this rock here is representing the global scenario why in India the parameters are somehow same the percentage emission is somehow same energy sector is leading with 73 percent and there is a huge demand to set up the CCS power station CCS capture station so that we can treat the carbon and save the environment so what are the actual steps and solution for ccos ccos is a broad chain the first step which can say consists is to capture the carbon to capture the carbon first we have to identify the large Point sources we have to identify the point sources from point sources for cell fuel generation facilities or industrial emission we can capture this useful after capturing CO2 it is our duty either to store it or to utilize it we cannot leave the captured suit to edit or otherwise it will be leaked and again it will release into the environment it will cause the same effects so our effects will offer our efforts will be of no use so after capture our responsibility to store it again for storage or segregation there are numerous techniques available such as geological storage ocean storage or industrial fixation uh once we will store it in geological geologically or in inside the ocean we cannot utilize or use it for next 50 to 70 years so it is a very long term process but if we are fixing it at Industrial Level we have to make some value-added products out of it so this thing here did development of value-added production is also having several gaps and needs research so now to your students I give a more challenging task for your major project designation you can research on this and find something good to to utilize this YouTube and to make some good products from CO2 you can bring some new ideas for this as I said previously that ccos is a very long chain so here the chain we can will see the chain how to start and how what is the end of the ccos not exactly CPS but how to drain the ccos first of all we have to identify the point sources and non-con sources Point sources are nothing but the direct sources of CO2 from which we can directly get the CO2 and point sources are easy to identify non-point sources are which which are little tough to identify we cannot recognize if it is a source of CO2 or not and it will give us very less amount of CO2 but that is to will contribute to the environment hazard [Music] after identification of coin sources this CO2 is captured via numerous technology there are different Technologies like absorption absorption membrane separation Etc available to capture this YouTube it is somehow a big task but not that as compared to the Regeneration or scrubbing of CO2 from the captured materials after capture here one more step is involved that is scrubbing of CO2 from the captured material and its Transportation it is very crucial because it requires huge expenses and uh uh it may leak during the process so our efforts may be wasted so after capturing and scrubbing there are two options either we can go for segmentation or for utilization sequestration as I said is very complex and very expensive process it requires heavy machinery and technique and time to store the CO2 and to convert it into value-added products we'll talk about this later but this is very complex process so let's jump on utilization utilization of CO2 can be again done in two options either by converting it into some other product or utilizing it as it is as CO2 CO2 can be utilized directly in Food Industries for fermentation beverages or aerated drinks something like that and converted CO2 can be you can be converted CO2 can directly be made into mineralized chemicals or biologically here mineralization are of two type CO2 mineralization is of two types first if first is mineral carbonation and second is carbon mineralization these two terms seems very similar but has great significance individually mineral carbonation is a different term and carbon mineralization is a different term from the mineralized carbon we can either use it in concrete curing or construction work or making of building and construction unit uh and in the same way by utilizing the minerals from the waste of Iron and Steel Industries and thermal power station like fly ash slack Etc we are treating the waste from the industries so it is benefit beneficial for us in a two way we are treating the way and making the best out of it in chemical industry CO2 is used to form the several products to form some fuels in polymerization to produce the fertilizers in the usage of nanomaterials and carbonate CO2 is used to convert into such products so that it can be used in this industry it has wide application in these industries also CO2 can be used to develop the biological media and later it will be convert into and this algae are further useful to develop some new materials or Solutions or medials so these are the wide applications of CO2 treated material or CO2 contain material due to which we can treat the CO2 we can take this CO2 from one source and utilize it in some other sectors and the output will be less there as compared to the emissions now let's talk about CO2 capture system CO2 capture system are further classified into four types depending upon the concentration of CO2 in the gas stream and the pressure in the gas stream these are industrial separation recombustion capture course combustion capture and oxycle combustion capture amongst which pre post combustion capture has the major role because it is as I say thermal power thermal power station is the energy generation is the major contributor post combustion happens in energy generation so majorly we work on post combustion but other other gaps are also there to be filled for post combustion CO2 capture is further classified into four types solvent based which is nothing but amine absorption absorption of CO2 into the MI adsorbent base development of such absorbance up to which CO2 can be stored temporarily and we can utilize it if needed membrane-based there are some semi-permeable or permeable membranes which will allow the selection of CO2 and separated from the nitrogen and other mixed gases and hydrate systems hybrid systems are nothing but the combination of combination of either membrane or absorbent technique or membrane or solvent based techniques so here solving base and absorbent based technique are nothing but absorption based solvent and absorbent based problems what is the main difference between absorption and adsorption absorption is nothing but a technique in which the gas will directly diffuse into the liquid so it will chemically react with the liquid and form some other compound and later while regenerating it will come into its original phase or its original form and release the CO2 from it absorption is the formation of such solid absorbent on which the CO2 will rest for the particular time or temporarily on the surface of the absorbent it will not diffuse inside the absorbent but it will stay on the surface of the of the absorbent and further it can be utilized here on the right hand side you can see there are several amines we are now talking about absorption based technology not absorption absorption based technology and here are some amines which are widely used in industry to capture this CO2 some primary secondary tertiary and hindred Amine so Anya MDA amp these are very common amines which are used industrially to capture the CO2 with this formulas and mea amongst all has the better performance for absorption and regeneration also it is also less Curry is corrosive and less harmful as compared to the other amount at CSR media we have conducted several studies based on the absorption technique here on the left hand side you can see there are two columns in which the blue dots are nothing but CO2 and the yellow dots are am I this First Column here is absorption column or patch column gas which contain higher concentration of CO2 is diffused from the bottom while the lean a mind which do not contain CO2 initially which is pure MI is coming from the top there is there is a particular packing height provided in the column which is offering the resistance to the liquid and also increasing the hold of time in between the packing the diffusion is taking place the lean gas which contain which we call having less CO2 will release and the amine which contains CO2 we will send it to a scrubber or stripper or regenerator once it will come into regenerator we will regeneration section we will heat it at a particular temperature we have done seven foreign sorry for the interruption there's a power cut at my side there's something not an issue which happens so where were we so we were here so as I was talking that at CSI Miri we have developed one biogenic molecule which has three type 3.5 times yeah this is [Music] which has better capacity as compared to me it also has better regeneration capacity as compared to Amir in this graph here you can see this is for MEA and this is for B this for biogenic ACD so this is for bacd any is getting separated within first 500 minutes while bacd is taking some time after achieving some amount some great amount I would say great amount of CO2 then it will start saturating and then it once it will completely saturated this line is coming straight like this here in this graph we can see the desorption capacity of solvent and the glass is water it requires large 780 one kilowatt of energy 781 watt of energy to get the result of CO2 while mes requires 314.93 that is 315
amount of energy by biocd requires less energy as compared to both of them here in this picture you can see our large scale setup of absorption column for gas capture for CO2 capture this is the collection tank and above here is the feed tank of a mic and behind this rack there is a cylinder which contains Q2 and the counter parent exchange of CO2 takes place in between this packing height I'm talking about we have tested it through several parameters it is highly selective it is thermally stable it is abundant abundantly available in nature as as we have and it forms some natural things it is soluble in water it is less corrosive as compared solution for future into building materials nowadays it is to Bubble the CO2 in this slurry which are which we are using and slurries or cement and service slurries which we are using for construction purpose it is one way it is providing stress strength to the material and the wall and it is also a good way to drain the CO2 somewhere for some time at least for some time not for permanent time but for some time even all this sequestration and utilization technologies have some issues such as huge Transportation costs long-term impact but these are not known several environmental concerns and demonstration is still needed there are several gaps which are need to be filled apart from the carbon character working on technology into which we are utilized to make some value other than converting capturing it then regenerating it and then converting it we have made all these steps together and we are somehow generating a good minerals carbonated minerals from the directly captured CO2 but this so geological sequestration may be onshore or offshore the Technologies are not proven feasible yet but the enhanced soil recovery is a advanced stage of it it requires specific conditions and gas transformation but these are again I said it cannot be feasible for unminable coal beds so we cannot uh sequester this CO2 into unminable Goldbergs and eventually the total reduction of emission can be depend can be depend on the fraction of you after the increase CO2 rate production transportation and storage of CO2 the fraction of CO2 retained in storage over the long term while doing all these studies and always studying all these parameters what I have found is no single technology is an option to stop or to prevent the emission of CO2 to achieve the global stabilization so we have to work on several numerous Technologies to achieve these goals we have a long way not long way to go not for us but for the survival of our future Generations finally I would like to thank Dr for providing me all the Advanced Technologies and Equipment required for the studies thank you thank you so much for this presentation a lot of facts sorry dude although yeah that issues happens sometimes although it is manageable it is good that you were able to come back after five minutes because I was thinking that maybe it will take much longer than that because because of the monsoons and all those things these things and we long in terms of lag foreign intensive process in terms of economy like you have to invest a lot for Department capture and sequestration so is there any uh economical way to do this like carbon capture and usage other than sequestration like you have shown that sequestions is a different technology and this CC uses the different technology [Music] hello hello yes an audible foreign he was a bit more economical than sequestration and what are the economic terms okay yes so what you're talking about is definitely correct because it definitely requires huge amounts to invest inside it but it will all be funded by by the government first of all at smaller scale in a college lab you can conduct several studies to uh like uh you can have if you have some ideas you can travel conduct studies and if that technology is feasible and will prove best so you can get the funds from the government there are several uh organizations available and from which you can get the funds and you can carry out your studies for others okay and I was about to come to the next question which is of the same same kind that can we uh produce Us in terms of a major project for repeated or it will be suitable for the master master program because uh we have to have some software as well right for this application part so say the during the presentation only that students final year students nowadays are like searching on Google major project ideas for chemical Engineers or they are searching their seniors visitation for ideas of major projects but that should not be the case because we have many Technologies awaited to be researched to be researched on and it is not necessarily it could be done on for a PhD or uh like mtech only we can do at students level we can we can study uh some researchers we can carry out some researches for major project dissertation for example say the paper call if we treat some paper with water and then we will try to uh bubble some food in it who knows that it can take CO2 and it can be a good idea for a major project also it can live a huge dissertation program also so some that small ideas can be taken up for the major project we can try to we can have some ideas and try it in in the lab scale and then we can Implement on the line you can Implement yes right right this can be done because usually I see ccos program or projects being done for the Masters like in iits and nits so yeah in btech I have not seen and what are the kind of uh like this technology also use some mathematical modeling for the calculation and yeah how do we design this thing see I'm not aware about uh like you're in University but there are several universities who are providing uh the student version of some softwares like Aspen or some mathematical modeling software so using that uh we can conduct these studies or we can take the help from those universities which are using this model also there are numerous uh I would say research papers available from which we can extract the ideas and methods even mathematical modeling ideas from the research papers and implement it on our studies so it is possible through a mathematical modeling but we just need the source but as 10 plus and other models are very expensive so it is quite difficult to get them yes in the in the college level it is difficult view we still prefer for a trial version or some demo version if it is available yes yes definitely you know otherwise the cost is not coming into feasibility yes and uh there's a one more question about carbon capture which I have like uh you mentioned that India has one fact I think Duty foreign about this carbon capture in India uh in India I am not aware of that over one study has been converted like conducted by IIT Delhi there is a collapse project of IIT Delhi thermax and Chi Navy so you can get to see some activity at IIT Delhi also and I I think IIT power also has one set up for carbon capture on lab scale so you can visit there too if you want to see the ccos or there is open day there are several times uh there is an open dash Series where anybody can visit to Neri to check the projects going on whatever the ideas are being uh cooking inside the needy so on open day you can visit Neri also thank you okay I will I will try to check the open day of leading positions uh definitely I will inform you that yes yes I will take the follow-up about it but that will be a good opportunity to eventually visit this organization and see the such that is going on because sometimes students are only aware about the market and the products but they are not aware about the research going on in our field and research is the main base of all this market and Industry those were the questions which I had uh on the behalf of the Department of chemical engineering foreign University I will put session about carbon capture which is a upcoming technology we know that the global warning and we have to save our environment for this technology can be explored more so that let me save our planet and with the environmental goals as well because it is almost it cannot be converted back or it cannot be pulled back so this carbon capture will be a great source to control the temperature of the climate um thank you so much nice to have you as our guest we have you as our guest thank you so much thank you for inviting me I'm honored to be here thank you thank you have a good day shall we call it off for a day are you having someone questions and we can uh no I I think those are all here we can hold off on that fall down okay okay goodbye take care yeah thanks so much
2022-10-22