10 Amazing Facts About Tech & Science in the Baroque Era [The Well-Tempered Cast]

Hello and welcome to The Well-Tempered Cast, the podcast for baroque music, baroque era, everything that was going on back then with historical keyboard instruments, historically informed performance practice, and so on. My name is Nenad Leonart, I'm your host. I'm a studied harpsichordist who has kind of found himself living in the 21st century and trying to make sense of all of what's going on compared to back then. And that's why we have this podcast, it's to dive deep into what was going on back then in the heads of the people. How were they feeling, how were they thinking, what was their day-to-day project, their thoughts, you know, kind of a lot of the stuff that we have forgotten over the centuries. Now, I'm fascinated with all this music because it resonates with me in a very, very deep sense, much more than any other music does. And probably that has to do with some underlying values that it has, also

basically like how it's shaped, with the style, the energy of the music, and so on, right? Every era has its own perks and its own characteristics, and I just really happen to love the Baroque, and obviously Johann Sebastian Bach. So what we are doing in these episodes is we are diving into all the details that will help us understand better how this music was conceived, how they thought about it, what it was for them, because, believe it or not, they had a very different relationship to music than we have today. And this is also something that we are going to learn about in today's episode. Today's episode is part two of the four-part series around time travel into the Baroque era and trying to understand the life of a person back then. We are looking at different aspects. We are looking at daily life and society. We did it in the first episode. Today it's going to be about technology and science compared to today, and then in the part three we're going to look at culture and work, and in the part four, the last one, we are going to check out the worldview and the general ideas of people back then. Okay, so now today, focusing on tech

and science, obviously we are in a time where everything is exploding, like the development is just at an unprecedented pace, like all the time new gadgets, new phone, new AI, new technology. It's crazy. It's crazy, and that's the time we live in. Back then, it was more or less the opposite, and we are going to find out, try to put these new glasses on to understand how it was growing up three to four hundred years ago, how everyday life looked like, and what the geniuses and the brilliant minds of that time concerned themselves with, and where we were at as the human race, like where our knowledge, our wisdom, our discovery of the world was at the time. The reason we do this is because of the huge fallacy that we have as human beings, which is we just take things for granted, or actually we kind of suppose that everybody else thinks the same way that we do. It kind of also stems from the Bible. There is this so-called golden rule, which is do unto others as you would like them to do unto you, right? So you kind of treat others like you would treat yourself, which basically contains the assumption that people back then would be thinking in the same way that we do, right? In the same way that we were brought up, that we have our experiences and our, well, modern worldview. Everybody knows it's not the same for them back then, right?

But what we don't really know, and what we very rarely concern ourselves with is how exactly was it different, right? It wasn't just old-fashioned or anything. It was old-fashioned in a very specific sense that was specific for that time and era, and with this episode we're trying to really go into detail how to understand what people were thinking about back then. Okay, without further ado, let's start with tech and science, and we're going to start with number one out of ten, which is going to be the scientific revolution in progress. Now around science, there's a few things that we need to understand, and first of all, the Baroque era in general was a transformative time for science. We have figures like Galileo, we have Kepler, we have Newton, and they were kind of laying the groundwork for modern science, like modern physics, astronomy, mathematics, and at the same time, unlike how science today is done with rigorous peer reviewing and processes of maybe doing studies or trying to prove something, scientific discoveries back then, they were often made just through individual observation, a lot of times through intuition, and also experimentation.

So, they often overlapped disciplines, and this includes music. Music was a science back then, we'll go into that a little bit later, but just so you know that Galileo, for example, he experimented with acoustics, he experimented with different proportions, and he even created mathematically a fret system back then for string instruments that sort of already incorporated the equal temperament for guitar. He created this proportion, how you could place frets on an instrument to be able to play more or less every tonality on that instrument, and this was a couple hundred years before people really started doing equal temperament. This was in one of his treatises, and you will notice that a lot of them, again, were involved with music as well. Now, if you know a little bit about how harmonies were basically made back then, how they treated the tuning systems, the different temperaments, you would know that the tuning system wasn't equal, and this idea of Galileo was quite a modern one as well, which turned out for the people back then to be very impractical, but I think somebody told me that guitars today are more or less based or built on the same proportion that he kind of wrote down some 400 years or so.

So, that's amazing. Now, these cross-disciplinary efforts that we have from different scientists, they were also closely tied to the education, which we'll also look into a little bit later. However, what it really promoted was the interconnectedness of everything. You had

astronomy, you had mathematics, you had music, and other sciences in there as well. Now, what this created, and again, today we have very many specialists in one single field, but we have fewer and fewer people who are really educated in different fields, and so they're not as interconnected as people were back then. If you were a scientist in one field, you usually connected it to some other field also through observation and through experimentation. As I mentioned, music was a science back then, and all the astronomers that I mentioned, Kepler, Galileo, Newton, they also wrote treatises on music. When I first heard this, I was amazed. I was like, I never knew that these people that are kind of the brilliant geniuses of that era concerned themselves with music, which today is, let's say, not one of the noblest professions out there, depending on the country and the place you live in, there's this old saying, the evergreen joke, right? So, what do you do? Oh, you know, I'm a musician. Okay, and what do you do for a living?

You know, the joke that obviously we are not earning as much as we should, or could, whatever. It is interesting that back then, music had a very, very, very different status, and music was looked at by the most as a very puzzling mathematical kind of problem to be solved, but also opened up a discussion because you had the interconnectedness with astronomy, with theology, with physics, with mathematics, and again, how they thought about everything back then is that music was connected to all these things and basically to the whole universe, like to the creation made by God, and because God made everything himself, right, so everything had a sense, everything had a purpose, and everything could be represented through something else. This was the idea, and that is why a lot of them studied music, musical proportions with the intervals, and also like the Pythagorean comma, which again, that was like the weird problem, the Diabolus in Musica, like how everything that God created could be perfect, and yet, in music, you had like this weird thing where it never really fit, right, I think it's when you have seven octaves and eleven fifths, you should get the same tone, but you don't, again, because of how the proportions work, and then you have this small discrepancy, small discrepancy, that's the comma, and then they had to figure out back then what to do with this imperfection, like why would God create an imperfection in his system, and you had a lot of, again, discussions, treatises, trying to make sense of that, and trying to put it in its right place, trying to figure out, okay, how is this connecting, again, to astronomy, to the universe, and so on, and you will find, not just by astronomers, these treatises, but also by educated musicians. Everybody who thought a little bit more of themselves or was into education, they had their own theories and their own opinions of how actually music, first of all, was a science and how it connected to the universe. It was not just like a mathematical science, but also closely connected to rhetoric, like how to communicate, which was going back to the antique, to old Greece, and also to the connectedness to human emotions, so to the core of the human being, which was, again, it moved to the center of the universe back then, and the first thoughts from Galileo, from Kepler, they are coming out and saying, well, maybe not Earth is at the center of the universe, maybe it's something else, and that's going to bring us to our next point, which is number two, the limits of the world where people were living in back then.

Now, science was heavily influenced by societal constraints and by religious constraints. You couldn't just go out in the street and make any kind of assumption. First of all, there was no free speech, certainly not. You had to adhere to the rules, everybody was doing their own thing inside of very close-knit and kind of close-minded areas that you could move in around. For example,

the Catholic Church, in particular, was very, very strict, and they did not like any kind of new discoveries that questioned their worldview or that contradicted their theological doctrines. For instance, Galileo, he faced trial and then had house arrest because he said, well, you know, maybe we are revolving around the sun, right? So he created this heliocentric picture of the universe, and they just didn't like that. Now, when you have this tension between faith and reason, this kind of creates a very fragile environment for new inventions, for scientific inquiry, like what is allowed and what isn't. Some hundred years before that, you have, for example, Da Vinci, when we know what a brilliant mind and artist he was, going into cemeteries at night to dig up corpses so he can study anatomy, because he was fascinated by the human body and how it works.

And he was not allowed to do that, so he had to hide while doing it and face severe punishment, even death, if that got out that he was doing it. So if you wanted to do some kind of innovation back then, you had to carefully balance that out just to avoid persecution. You were not allowed to question certain things that were put into place. Today, it is much different. We have free

speech, like everybody goes out and says what they want, and we have these public disputes, and we have these, I mean, right? Free speech is not free speech, and we also have a lot of discussions around this lately. However, you cannot compare it to how it was back then. There were certain things that people were not allowed to think, were not allowed to speak about, and they were very, very strict in just following these rules. Let's move to a little bit of the tech that was available back then. That's number three, which is going to be the printing press. It was invented in the 15th century. However, it revolutionized, shortly thereafter, how you distributed knowledge. And by the Baroque period, which was quite some time later, books were still very rare and quite expensive. So only the wealthy could afford libraries,

and even public libraries, they were very, very limited to select regions. Music notation and also scientific treatises, they were also printed, allowing for somewhat a wider distribution of ideas. Before that, we had just like the monks in different monasteries, in different churches, that were transcribing knowledge in books by hand. And we also have lost a lot, a lot of knowledge, a lot of ancient texts, and so on, for example, in the burning of the Library of Alexandria, and so on. So whenever a fire broke out, and thinking of back then,

everybody heating with fire, and going around with candles, and you have all this paper lying around, things caught fire pretty quickly. And there was a lot of destruction, so at least with the printing press, you had more, let's say, a more secure way of distributing these things. And yet, at the same time, we know of quite a few facsimiles of first editions that were printed, of sheet music, of music scores that were distributed all across Europe, and we have no access to those anymore. We just know that they were printed because they were referenced, like in a letter, or in another printing or so, and yet every single one of these copies is lost, either destroyed or lost, and not available. Which, to think about with how we work today

with books, with knowledge, with how common these are, it's a little bit crazy to imagine that. Again, even music that was printed, it was incredibly expensive, and so there was a very select type of people that could afford this type of music. And you can see with the composers, when they're doing like a preface, or writing something about their publication, but also the type of thing that they are publishing, who it's for. And mostly,

the publishing that they were doing was either for fellow music-educated people, like fellow composers, who would be buying their work as a reference work, or it was for some sort of amateur, which in Germany would be different merchants, like the upper middle class, people who were not nobility, but kind of came up and had a lot of money, and then they started investing, oftentimes, into education, but also music as a way to educate themselves and to spend leisure time. And they would also collect this type of sheet music. So you would oftentimes in Germany find that people would be writing and publishing these works for them. For example, in France, there was a little bit of a different audience. You had a lot of nobility, they all had to move to Versailles, they all had to live there. So you would have, for example, Dandrieu, who said, okay, why don't I

create an educational work, how to play Basso Continuo, that the nobility could buy and learn with. And so he created this educational work and published it, where you go, very good pedagogy, from one lesson to the next one, and you learn a new chord, and you get to apply it, and you have a collection of easy songs and arias to practice and to sing yourself. And it's very, very easy. This is made for beginners, again, for the nobility who was living in court, who kind of had no TV, they were bored, and that's what it was for. Let's move on to the next point, which is number four, we had no electricity. So if you wanted to read these books, if you wanted to, if you couldn't afford to buy a book, so you had to make a copy yourself in handwriting, what many musicians did back then, and you still had to pay, by the way, to make a copy, don't get me wrong, you had to do that by candlelight. If it wasn't during the day, and usually during the day you had other things to do, so copying or reading or these things, they were more moving towards the edge of daily life, and that you had to do by candlelight. Again,

I've mentioned all the fires, the candles, it wasn't as easy back then, and this was also not the cheapest stuff, so not everybody could afford these, keeping that in mind. Nighttime was therefore reserved for rest or for other quiet activities. I've read somewhere that back then they also had a little bit of a different sleeping pattern that we have today, that apparently today we just go and sleep like one shift during the night, and this was kind of propelled by the industrialization, but before that, in the Middle Ages, and probably before and also after, that people slept in two shifts, also because of the fire that had to be kept going through the night, but also maybe because of some certain rhythm that we had, so the sun would go down and people would go to sleep, and then they would wake up around midnight or so, and then spend a couple hours with each other, maybe socializing or maybe doing some other type of work. I'm not 100% sure if this also applies to the Baroque period, and if it does, to what region, if this was more for the rural areas, or if this was more of a city thing, I haven't gotten into that, but I think it's a very interesting thought to understand, okay, nighttime back then was shaped very differently, and also because of the light situations. Let's move to number five, about the medical knowledge, that was pretty limited, so medicine was kind of rudimentary. There was little to no understanding of germs, of how infection works, of general hygiene. Treatments were kind of like bloodletting, leeches, herbal remedies,

and surgeries were obviously performed without anesthesia. Now, many diseases that we consider manageable today, they were often fatal, like pneumonia or appendicitis. Physicians did rely back then on theories like the four humors, and this, to understand this, for me was the key to understanding a lot of Baroque temperament teachings, of how music was perceived, of how music was conceived, so even this is closely related to medicine, and to the theory of the four humors that actually goes back to ancient Greece, again. You had the four humors, we'll get into this, I think, in another episode, but basically through these, the idea of the medicine was that you had to have a balance of these liquids, of the humors in your body, and the idea of somebody being humorous, having a comedic talent, let's say, it goes back to this time where if you had a very good balance in your body with the humors, like they're supposed to, you were in a good mood, and you were healthy, and you were kind of well-balanced, well-tempered, so to say, right? And the idea was when something is wrong with you, like either emotionally or either with an illness, something not working in your body properly like it should, that this was resulting from a balance of these four humors. And the interesting thing is, obviously, medicine-wise, it doesn't make sense for us today, but back then they described everything, every illness, every little thing that was wrong, and again, also like on a psychological and emotional level, this is really important to understand, this stems from just four different liquids, like humors, that were in the body. Very well worth noting and also researching, and I think we might do an episode of that. Let's move on to number six, that science and education was mainly reserved

for the elite. Today, everybody who has internet access can go out and learn and find knowledge, and I remember me growing up where when I was very, very little, I still didn't have like internet access, and then at some point in school, I had availability to Wikipedia, which was like this huge encyclopedia, and I didn't have to go to look it up in a book, I didn't have to go find the book if I didn't own it, I could just type it in, and then it would give me out the search results, and then I could read everything that somebody else wrote about that thing. And I remember back then, it was, oh wow, so amazing, that piece of knowledge, before if I, I don't know, asked my parents or teachers and they said, I don't know, we don't have that today, we don't have the I don't know moment, you know, where you're just like puzzled about a thing, you just go online, you google it, you search it, and it's there, and the answer is right there. Now, if the answer is

the right one, that's debatable, but at least we have knowledge at our disposal at all times, and everybody, again, everybody today who has access to an internet connection, they can go out and educate themselves. Back then, education was primarily available to wealthy men, and often either through church-run schools or universities. That's it. Nobody else got educated. There was no need for it, even though education was like

supreme and very, very, very special to have, and people wanted to have it, probably it was this exclusive to keep others down. Like, you had this class system, right, and you didn't want to mix yourself with peasants who wouldn't understand it either way. And to strive for more education was kind of also to get into a new class. And we see this with, let's say, merchants or other wealthy people that like became wealthy. They weren't always like the nobility or some very old established families, but let's call them the new rich back then. One of the most prestigious

things that they strived for was education. Why? Because it was limited to very few select people. And so, the knowledge base was very differentiated. You had the educated elite, these were well-informed people, and they studied multiple disciplines. Again, not just when you go

today and you study like one or two subjects. Back then, you really studied more or less everything and then maybe specialized in like one or two or five subjects. The majority of the population, they weren't just uneducated, they were also illiterate, couldn't read. So, there was a very different type of communication needed with them as well. And the ones that were educated, they usually did subjects like astronomy, like philosophy, like theology, mathematics, and music.

And very many developments that we have from that time, they resulted from these people. They were in exchange with each other and they kind of met up, right? So, these were exclusive circles and they used their knowledge to shed off a little bit from everybody else and to just exchange the knowledge like in their small circles. Again, it's being very exclusive, but this exclusivity also promoted certain ideas and certain developments that would otherwise not be able to happen. Kind of like a mastermind concept, right? Where like-minded people come together and they develop something new. These, let's call them bubbles of knowledge, bubbles of education, of creativity, they resulted in new works that have shaped the world up until today. Let's move on to the next point, which is number seven. Transport being slow, and I talk super slow.

Long journeys were extremely physically demanding because travel relied on horses, on carriages, or boats. That's it. A trip that would take hours today could take days or even weeks back in the Baroque era. Worst case, you had to go by foot if you couldn't afford anything else, and there are some accounts of people doing long, arduous traveling by foot. Roads were also often poorly maintained, not the safest because travelers faced risks like bandits along the road or harsh weather and it was not an easy thing to go onto a road and just go travel. It took you courage.

You wouldn't just do it like that. And the slow pace of travel also meant that cultural exchange was quite limited. It was limited to major trade routes, it was limited to larger cities, and isolated areas like secluded villages, places that weren't as important to reach, they kind of retained more or less unique local traditions. The other places were, let's call it, more adept to fashion and what kind of trends were going around at that time. This brings us also to the next point, which is number eight, where communication was manual.

Today, also, it's so easy for us to talk to somebody, to put out a message out there, to just think about something and then reach out to the person and it's going. Back then, letters were the primary means of communication. So first of all, you had to sit down and write it by hand. So you had to be educated, you had to know how to write, then you had to have access to paper, which also wasn't the cheapest thing around, and then you had to hand it to a courier who would be navigating, again, dangerous roads, long distances, not necessarily being sure if he delivers the message. And also, you didn't know when they would deliver the message, so it could take weeks or even months to arrive. So the pacing was very, very, very slow. And also, you would think about what you would write down three times before you send it off, because once that you sent it, it's going to take a while till you get the response. So you better make sure to write everything down that you want to communicate. On the other hand, news that was

traveling around, it was very often unreliable and also inconsistent, as it relied on word of mouth. Now, we as humans, we tend to do this wonderful thing where we kind of don't really say what is in our heads. We kind of have a picture of what we want to say and then what comes out of our mouth isn't 100% describing of that picture. We just use our own words to say it, and then if you pass it along to somebody else, and they pass it along to somebody else, there's a lot of instances where this news can get distorted. On the other hand, you can do it on handwritten letters, you can do it on printed pamphlets, but then again, it would be reserved only to those who can actually read. So it was very easy to influence people back then by just going around and selling fake news. It's a thing today again, where we're talking about fake news

and who is reporting what and what are their interests, but back then, you didn't have the sensibility of this. People, first of all, weren't sensitized to this. Second of all, it's everything that you had, so if somebody came and read out of a pamphlet, you better took it seriously, that that is what was actually written on there, even though it maybe wasn't. So keep in mind that communication resulted oftentimes in miscommunication, and sometimes it wasn't purpose, sometimes it wasn't, as we're going to see in the next part, which is number nine, lost in translation. And I'm not just talking about translation, but also this word-to-word

kind of sharing or mouth-to-mouth. We have this game that we played as kids that was called telephone, and then you go and whisper into somebody's ear, and then they go and whisper into the next kid's ear, and so on. So you have this chain of, I don't know, like a dozen of kids whispering into each other's ears, and then when the last one gets the message, then you kind of compare the messages, and it turns out they're really funny, because always something gets lost. Somebody retells it in a weird way, or they forget, or they distort the details, and while it's fun as a game for kids, this is how oftentimes people communicated with each other back then. Not even on purpose, but just, again, we make mistakes, and so without photographs that we have today, which are accurate, we're in the AI time where stuff can be weirdly done, not just even Photoshop, but fully created. I'm not talking about that. There was a period, okay? There was a period in human existence where you could actually look at a photograph, and with a very high probability you knew that what was depicted on there was kind of an actual fact. Well, back then, more similar to also what we have today, you didn't really know what was

going on. No photographs, no recordings. You didn't know how stuff sounded like. You don't have any kind of mass media, any kind of sharing, or videos, or whatever. People relied on descriptions, somebody telling it to you how it was, people relied on drawing, somebody looking at it, and then out of their skill, and also sometimes imagination, they would create a drawing that you can look at and then try to represent it in your own mind what that actually was. And this was about events, this was about places, this was about cultures, this was about inventions. So

this often led to misunderstandings. Oftentimes you would also have exaggerated accounts, and never ever would we really know if this was true or not. This is also a huge issue with dealing with historical sources, because you just don't know, okay? There is no 100% certainty, and sometimes the sources would contradict themselves, and then if you are in the business of historical treatises and whatnot, you have to go and make up your own mind which one was more probable and why. And that's why you're dealing so often just with probabilities and percentages, and you cannot pinpoint exactly, like in today's, let's call it scientific measures, of how something really was. For example, depictions of exotic animals or distant cultures, they were extremely inaccurate. Just because you had second-hand accounts, maybe the explorer himself wasn't even able to create a nice drawing, and so they had to get an artist to draw it for them, and then at a certain point they would go like, yeah, yeah, it looks somewhat like that, okay? Another example is, for example, the Chinoiserie, or the Far East people, how they were represented in France, like in the French culture, for example in Lully's operas, or like in the harpsichords that they were building back then, and then kind of doing these Chinese-style drawings on them, this is how people imagined that culture to be, that particular one. So you have a very strong distortion of a distant culture

that was reported about in second-hand words, and then they used these words and created like how they thought this culture would behave, or what kind of music they would listen to, like you have the Turkish music and so on, and the French chords in several instances, and you can just listen to that and see how they imagined Turkish music to be like, even have it with Mozart with a Turkish march, right? Very, very weird stuff going on back then from our today's perspective, but from back then, that was like the thing they had, that was the best they got about that culture, the most direct, if you wouldn't go to the place to see it with your own eyes, that was what you got. Second-hand reports, reading in books, looking at drawings, that's it. And this leads me to the last and tenth part that we're going to cover today, which is that we have a completely different amount of information and a different flow of knowledge. Now in the Baroque period, as we have covered, knowledge was extremely scarce, and you had to go a long way to acquire knowledge, and especially good knowledge. It wasn't readily

available as it is today. So books, manuscripts, oral traditions, these are the primary ways to pass on information from teacher to student, from researcher to fellow researcher. This means access to knowledge dependent on your social status and on your location. And since printing books was really expensive, not just the buying, but also the printing, since all these means of communication, they were very demanding, the easiest one was still just oral distribution. And because of that, we have very, very few sources on how to go about

interpreting music from the Baroque era. To really understand all the habits that they had as musicians, you probably know it from your own music lessons. It's so much easier to demonstrate on an instrument what you exactly mean than to describe it with words. Now today, we have the

medium of the recording, so it's easy to just go out and point out the recording. But back then, you would share these traditions just in the music lessons. And because it's so obvious, when you hear it, you don't have to put it in words. So they would use words that were, again, we are going back to the bias that we have as humans. They were also supposing that their

were also supposing that their culture, like when they were writing down, that people would understand what they mean. Because this is how people think. This is how people are. It doesn't go just for us. But we have to understand that we have this bias, studying sources of other people that also had this bias. So you see, this is meta on very many different levels, if you really want to go into understanding these people in this era.

So trying to get into it means that you have to, as we've mentioned, do the probabilities, like which one is it now more plausible of these solutions, but also then understand that they did not necessarily use the right words to describe what they mean, because it was so self-evident and obvious for them describing what they meant. And because information was so expensive, like every word that you wrote was more expensive, every note, every additional note that you wrote needed more time, and so on. So in order to save resources, to save money, to save time, to save paper, to save anything, they would just write down the things that they thought were important to distinguish themselves from the things that were common at the time.

And we don't know what the status quo was. We don't really know what was common. Was it common to play more inegal? Was that like the normal thing? Or was the normal thing to play every note at the same length? Very, very weird questions that have to be selected and taken apart and given the answer for each particular region at a particular time in the Baroque period. And so you see the complexity of the research that we have today because of very limited information and the information flow that we had back then. This also means, and which is I think a very, very good thing, that because unlike today, where we have a complete information overload and we need to filter out what information we want to take and which one we're going to discard, back then they had very little information but could really delve deep. They could completely go

inside of that microcosm and create new worlds where everything makes sense, where everything is related to each other. And we can see that in the compositions, in the music, in the artworks, in the architecture, in everything that we have left from that period that we can marvel at today, they were able to create it because they weren't as distracted as we are today. So limiting information has its benefits as well. And I think as a society that we can learn a lot from this Baroque perspective on the more you limit the information that gets to you, the smaller your world gets, so to speak, the more colorful it can become, the more interconnected it can become, the more sense it will make ultimately to you. And that is something that I find highly rewarding in doing this kind of thought and this kind of research. You can really dive deep and almost

lose yourself in this wondrous world of what was going on back then. And it's not just that you feel like Sherlock Holmes, right, where you look for clues and what could this mean and where is this leading, which is obviously a great thing in and of itself. I think it's also important for us when we want to move forward as humanity, when we want not to have history repeating itself, to really, really understand history in the first place, what was going on. And probably from today's episode, you see certain parallels that are also going on today. And you see certain things that, let's say, challenges that we're also facing. So it is on us to find out how to best deal with these changes. And maybe we can also look at

history and how others have managed these types of situations in the past so that we can go into a future with a better and well-equipped head full of wisdom how to deal with it. Thanks for tuning in. Do let me know everything that you liked about this episode, what you want to have elaborated more about, if there's something piquing your interest. I'm happy for any kind of feedback and I do react to the community. So whatever you want to share, if you enjoyed something, if you enjoyed something not as much, do let me know down in the comments.

You can write me an email, you can write me a DM. I'm happy to hear from you and I am also going to take it into account when creating new episodes. This was the Well-Tempered Cast, the Baroque podcast regarding Baroque music, Baroque art, Baroque lifestyle. I'm your host, Nena Leonhard, and I will see you in the next episode. Take care.

2025-02-08 23:39

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