IS AeroVironment Switchblade TECHNOLOGY IN THE UKRAINE SKY? #CCBMilitary
hello everyone how drone is great on the field unmanned aerial vehicles uavs or drones are aircraft that can be controlled remotely by a pilot or by pre-programmed plans or automation systems that enable them to fly autonomously a large number of industries and organizations are adopting this technology including military government commercial and recreational users as drone technology advances these aircraft are becoming more common and affordable giving rise to debates that weigh their benefits against new ethical and legal concerns as such the decisions derived from discussing the pros and cons of drones and uavs are poised to have a substantial impact on the private and public sectors pros of drones to properly weigh the pros and cons of drones in their use it's important to examine both sides of the debate on their own merits for instance plenty of reasons exist to support the use of drones quality aerial imaging drones are excellent for taking high quality aerial photographs and video and collecting vast amounts of imaging data these high resolution images can be used to create 3d maps and interactive 3d models which have many beneficial uses for example 3d mapping of disaster areas can enable rescue teams to be better prepared before entering hazardous situations precision since unmanned aerial vehicles use gps the global positioning system they can be programmed and maneuvered accurately to precise locations this is especially helpful in a variety of situations in precision agriculture for example uavs are used for a variety of farming needs such as spraying fertilizer and insecticide identifying weed infestations and monitoring crop health the precision of uav saves farmers both time and cost easily deployable with advances in control technology most drones can be deployed and operated with relatively minimal experience combined with the relatively low cost of most models drones are becoming accessible to a wide range of operators uavs also have a greater range of movement than man aircraft they are able to fly lower and in more directions allowing them to easily navigate traditionally hard to access areas security another plus to drone use centers on security with the appropriate license operators can use unmanned aerial vehicles to provide security and surveillance to private companies sporting events public gatherings and other venues drones can also gather valuable data during and after natural disasters to aid in security and recovery efforts cons of drones while there are numerous pros to using drones there are also several perceived challenges to their deployment these concerns are important to consider particularly given the wide range of circumstances in which drones can be used legislative uncertainty since the widespread use of unmanned aerial vehicles is relatively new legislation is still catching up the federal aviation administration faa has established certain rules for small unmanned aircraft that apply to commercial and recreational use but there are still ambiguities questions include how best to determine aerospace property rights and protect landowners from aerial trespassing further adding to the confusion are conflicts between federal regulations and some state and local laws safety safety is a primary concern when dealing with unmanned aerial vehicles to avoid mid-air collisions uavs must be programmed with sense and avoid capabilities that match those of manned aircraft this means that drones must be able to detect a potential collision and maneuver to safety in the event of system failures falling drones are another serious danger especially when they are used near large crowds or in highly populated areas privacy one of the most common concerns from the public about uav's is privacy drones can collect data and images without drawing attention leading many americans to fear their fourth amendment right to privacy may be in jeopardy this can occur if government entropies were to use drones to monitor the public the way in which the fourth amendment is interpreted in the efforts of privacy rights organizations such as the american civil liberties union aclu continue to influence how this issue of privacy is regulated applications of drones drones are designed to be nimble and relatively unobtrusive a diverse number of industries use them to execute complex tasks in many instances these tasks may otherwise be extremely difficult or costly to achieve without the assistance of drone technology the results of these myriad applications are equally diverse ranging from boosted creativity to greater commercial and communal outreach filming movies an amateur filmmaker can record high quality aerial shots using only a drone equipped with a high definition camera less than two decades ago recording from this perspective was only consistently an option for large movie studios that could afford to use cranes helicopters and airplanes as a single day of a helicopter shoot may cost tens of thousands of dollars the option to buy a basic filming drone for a few thousand dollars can be far more appealing for modern filmmakers although renting higher-end professional drones may exceed five thousand dollars for a single day's use apart from their costs being more manageable drones are also useful due to their extreme versatility drones are usually relatively small in size so they are great when shooting a movie scene that requires entering a tight space or moving nimbly yet they are not a complete replacement for traditional aircraft in the film industry while the size of drones typically allows users to record shots that wouldn't be possible using a manned aircraft some filmmakers believe that helicopters are still preferable for shooting high-speed action scenes such as car chases protecting animals poaching is devastating endangered wildlife populations across the globe conservationist groups have been working for decades to protect these animals by migrating them into protected lands like animal sanctuaries and national parks yet many poachers still trespass into these parks to kill the animals therefore conservationists must strategize new ways to secure these locations and prevent people with malicious intent from entering recently the conservationist community has discovered how to use drones to help protect wildlife using a drone equipped with night vision optics or thermal sensors conservationists can patrol the parks to deter poachers one example can be found at lewin national park in lyland malawi the park uses anti-poaching drones to find illegal snares monitor activity within the park and help law enforcement officials find and arrest poachers war reporting war zones are extremely dangerous and war journalists would normally need to risk their lives to record events as they unfold using drones journalists can record the destruction of war without compromising their own safety this makes it possible to accurately represent the reality of war using first-hand visual accounts filmed in real war afflicted areas delivering packages the future of drone technology will also present consumers with the highly convenient option to receive their deliveries by drone amazon is at the forefront of making this a reality its upcoming amazon prime or service is expected to allow customers to request drone delivery for packages weighing up to five pounds how will the process work a customer purchases a product the delivery drone is dispatched to an address or to the customer's smartphone gps upon the arrival of the drone the customer uses their phone to flash a qr code barcode or led signal to the drone validating them as the correct customer the product then is lowered from a safe height using a pulley system and released for the customer this application of drone technology has the potential to make delivery far more efficient in the near future though no widespread drone delivery services are operating in full capacity ftd government regulations and public safety concerns the firms that are interested in offering drone delivery services will need to emphasize designing and implementing safe and ethical systems that will not endanger their customer or the public measuring whether to create accurate weather forecasts meteorologists must measure weather data from a diverse set of sensors that are usually affixed to satellites or surface equipment these tools collect data that can be used to predict common weather changes like precipitation or even violent storms like tornadoes scientists are now working to incorporate unmanned aircraft into the process by using drones to collect research data flying through a storm can be dangerous but drones can enter storms to collect temperature pressure humidity and wind velocity measurements without risking lies this data can be used to provide advanced storm warnings giving people more time to take precautions or evacuate as drones continue to become more robust industry leaders expect them to become a more regular aspect of weather measurement in forecasting although unmanned aerial vehicles have existed for several decades over the past 20 years the technology has seen significant advancements drones were once a tool used almost exclusively for military's uses but modern engineering has made them accessible and affordable to private citizens by earning a master of science and electrical engineering aspiring professionals can enhance their understanding of the fundamental tenets of electronics engineering in doing so they can improve their ability to contribute positively to the design process of complex electronic devices like drones the future of drones the commercial interest in drone technology began to boom around 2010 and shows no signs of slowing in fact all signs point to a bright and exciting future for drones and drone technology future generations of drones are projected to feature enhanced autonomy and improved safety and regulatory standards these and other enhancements have the potential to further impact a wide array of industry sectors such as commercial transport logistics and the military emergency response improved camera technology goes hand in hand with improved drone technology because the quality of images produced by drone cameras continues to improve emergency response teams can increasingly rely on them to locate and identify victims more efficiently this efficiency could potentially lead to improved victim survival rates additionally drones can be increasingly used to help survey the aftermath of a natural disaster which could make it easier for response teams to deploy disaster relief and humanitarian aid to the affected region's most vulnerable areas healthcare currently drone-based delivery correlates to commercial goods like an amazon package but this delivery aspect could conceivably have important applications in the healthcare industry particularly in rural areas where access to healthcare services may be limited in this case drones may be used to deliver time-sensitive materials such as prescription refills these actions can lead to more timely medical care that can ultimately improve an individual's own health journey construction uavs can cover large areas very quickly and they can be equipped with tools that can generate 3d images these dual functions can be beneficial to construction workers who can use this efficiently gathered data to produce models at the project start and assess progress during the construction process these elements can lead to the creation of safer and more robust buildings and may make it easier for a construction team to hit the vital metrics of being on time and on budget explore the future of electrical engineering as drone technology improves its applications will continue to expand those who wish to develop key strategies that can help seamlessly integrate drone use into the public and private sectors would do well to consider advanced education graduates of ohio university's online master of science and electrical engineering program are prepared to research design develop and test new technologies and industry applications discover how this program at ohio university can help position you to become a leader in the burgeoning field of drone and uav technology is drone pilot a good career seven high demand industries in 2022 many of us don't fly drones because we want to get paid but because it's fun the thrill of flying the risk of crashing that makes it all the more interesting and the feeling of exploring the skies is just amazing but honestly who else wouldn't want to earn a living doing what they love becoming a professional drone pilot is a legitimately viable career option in 2022 and can be a well-paying profession as it is rapidly expanding into many fields the demand for drone pilots is increasing day by day and opportunities are monthly opening up for drone enthusiasts in this article we'll look at the state of the drone industry and what the demand is for drone pilots we'll also go over seven industries that i think are worth looking into if you're planning on becoming a professional drone pilot in 2022 is there a high demand for drone pilots right now the association for unmanned vehicle systems international predicts that by the year 2025 at least 000 jobs will be created for drone pilots drone pilots are in high demand right now and that demand will only keep increasing in the years that follow multiple companies are set to spend over 16 billion on drones in the next eight years with advertising agencies construction and security firms being among the first so yes drone pilots are in high demand in fact according to market research the drone industry is expected to have a 51.1 growth rate in the next five years we'll get into the specific industries that have need for the skills of drone pilots later in this article can you make a career from flying drones in 2022. so far we've covered the demand for drone pilots and it's clear that the industry is booming but can you actually make a career from flying drones in 2022 it's a tricky question the short answer is yes but there is more to it you can definitely make a career out of flying drones on average there are more than 1 000 open jobs for drone pilots on indeed at any given time with this many jobs across the us there are a lot of opportunities for drone enthusiasts however the cost of drones is not really how to get a good drone and the cost of the faa's part 107 exam is only 175 we'll go over this exam in a minute with such a low barrier of entry the market is extremely saturated with people who have regular jobs and want to make money flying on the side and so you have to stand out to land drone flying jobs the people who make enough money from flying drones to call it a career are usually people with a specific set of skills like filming and video editing or 3d mapping etc so consider adding different skills on top of drone flying and apply to jobs that require those skills specialization is key to land jobs as a drone pilot and stand out a really good website where you can check to see what top drone pilots are doing right is droners io a simple look at the portfolios of top pilots and there can tell you what works and what doesn't if your aim is to close clients in the drone industry how much money can you make as a drone pilot as discussed above compensation depends highly on the way you package your services the more value you can add on top of flying a drone the higher you'll get paid according to glassdar the median drone pilot salary is fifty eight thousand two hundred eighty dollars here there are however drone pilots making six figures flying drones commercially those usually offer other services on top of drone flying i have created an entire comprehensive article on how much drone pilots can make depending on what you do more exactly combat drones we are in a new era of warfare here's why the combat drone was once the preserve of military superpowers but no longer it used by insurgents and smaller nations is already changing the nature of battle writes jonathan marcus often in military history a single weapon system can become emblematic of the whole age of warfare one things of the longbow used by the english archers at action court in the middle ages were the heavily armored tanks that epitomized the ground combat of world war ii the mq-1 predator unmanned aerial vehicle or uav became the iconic weapon of the period of counter-insurgency warfare waged by the united states in afghanistan iraq and elsewhere this corresponded with what has been called the unipolar moment after the end of the cold war when the u.s stood alone and unchallenged as the dominant global superpower the drone's symbolic status only grew when predator originally conceived for aerial reconnaissance was armed with hellfire missiles its successor the reaper was specifically designed as a hunter killer it is a greater range than its predecessor and can carry a larger weight of munitions their very names explicitly flag up their purpose these can be precise killers capable of targeting washington's enemies whenever and wherever they least expect it it was reaper drones that are believed to have been used to kill the iranian general kasim suleimani outside baghdad airport in january 2020. for a brief period of time it was largely the united states and israel
with its own significant drone industry who were able to carry out such operations this if you like was the first age of the combat drone however things have dramatically changed a new era of drone warfare has already arrived involving many more players and the use of uavs has moved from counter-terrorism or counter-insurgency warfare into full-scale conventional combat indeed up ahead a new third age of drone warfare beckons as technology becomes ever more sophisticated and linked to artificial intelligence presentational gray line the hunter killer mq-9 reaper drone strikes have played a key role in recent conflicts helping bolster the addis ababa government's position in the face of attacks from tplf tigray people's liberation front rebels the ethiopian government has purchased armed drones from turkey and iran it is also reported to have access to chinese wing lung ii uavs via the united arab emirates the uae similarly supplied chinese-built drones to its ally general khalifa hafter in libya's brutal civil war in many cases armed drones have had a decisive impact contributing to the survival of libya's internationally recognized government in tripoli and in last year's nagorno-karabakh conflict turkish supply drones were a potent factor enabling azerbaijan's forces to rest control of the disputed enclave from armenia drone strikes often raise complex legal and more dilemmas they can only be as accurate as the intelligence upon which they are based the hope that their use might be curbed in some way by arms control treaties has proved illusory while the us has been reluctant to export its leading edge technology to anyone other than its closest allies others make no such distinctions to sending armed drones to ethiopia indeed the spread of uav seems relentless over 100 countries and non-state groups of drones and many actors have access to armed drones indeed as paul share director of studies at the center for new american security says the proliferation of these systems looks set to continue china he says is by far the leading exporter of armed drones worldwide but drones are not just accessible to leading military powers middle powers such as iran and turkey have access to drone technology and are selling systems abroad indeed he argues that commercial drone technology is so widely available that anyone could build a crude diy attack drone for a few hundred dollars and some terrorist groups have the uav's decisive impact is no surprise he adds they give a country an air force on the cheap states and non-state groups that can't afford to buy fighter jets can buy drones he says and while drones are not as capable as fighter jets they give actors access to some air power combined with digital technologies that enable high definition surveillance and precision strike drones can be quite lethal to ground forces but the use of uavs in regional conflicts and civil wars provides only a pointer to the drone's value in future warfare while the u.s and its allies were focused upon counter-insurgency operations russia used its involvement in syria as a testing ground for the incorporation of drones into its wider order of battle russia's drone fleet in syria conducted crucial intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance isr missions connecting identified targets with russian artillery multiple launch rocket systems and aircraft through persistent drone observation in real time says samuel bendet a member of the russia studies program at the center for naval analyses this concept is now redefining how the russian military fights today and in the future by giving forces a uav enabled round-the-clock picture of the battlefield something that the generals did not have before the fighting in ukraine which despite russian denials has involved regular russian personnel has provided valuable insight into its planned use of uavs ukraine how drones are changing the way of war the war in ukraine shows that unmanned aerial vehicles are part of modern warfare drones have various tasks from aerial surveillance to missile defense drones meet the requirements of modern warfare that's the line from the u.s department of defense and the pentagon says it has just been drawn to meet all of ukraine's requirements it's a new drone or unmanned aerial vehicle uav called phoenix ghost we believe this particular system would very nicely suit their needs particularly in eastern ukraine pentagon spokesperson john kirby said in a press briefing kirby said the us had started developing the phoenix goals before the outbreak of war and that work would now be accelerated to meet ukraine's requirements even better the plan is to deliver more than 120 of the drones as part of a 800 million dollar cost 750 million euros military assistance package but what does phoenix ghost do how does it differ from other weapon systems well not much is known there are no pictures what we do know is that phoenix ghost was developed by us defense contractor evex aerospace with the us air force and that according to kirby personnel won't need a lot of training to operate it kirby said the new drone was like older switchblade drones which were made by us company aeroveronment for use by us special forces in afghanistan in 2012. switchblade kamikaze drone the switchblade backpack drone belongs to the category of loitering munitions or loitering weapons it's a mix between a missile and a drone arthur holland michelle author and senior fellow with the carnegie council for ethics in international affairs in barcelona told dw loitering munitions get their name from the way they work they are launched without a specific target and circle over an area until the target is assigned by an operator on the ground and that's when it strikes it is sensors that can detect emerging targets depending on the model size and weight it can stay in the air for between 15 and 40 minutes with a range of 10 to 40 kilometers 6-25 miles unlike a large drone it doesn't need an airfield or lots of infrastructure to launch michelle said and unlike a missile it gives you time to identify the target get situational awareness and then literally drive the missile drone into the target switchblade drones are also known as kamikaze drones because they self-destruct on impact optimized phoenix ghost phoenix ghost drones have similar capabilities but are not exactly the same as the switchblade kirby said david dipshala a retired lieutenant general who sits on the board of directors at pvx aerospace was quoted by politico as saying that phoenix ghost can fly for longer than switchblade up to six hours dipshala is reported to have said that phoenix ghost was a single used drone that launches vertically and that it can operate at night with infrared sensors the drone was effective against medium armor ground targets politico quoted dipshire as saying vector german technology for ukraine the ukrainian armed forces also use a surveillance drone from the german company quantum systems our drones are already in ukraine florian siebel ceo of the bavaria based company told the german news network r d switchblade drones are also known as kamikaze drones because they self-destruct on impact optimized phoenix ghost phoenix ghost drones have similar capabilities but are not exactly the same as the switchblade kirby said david dipshirlock a retired lieutenant general who sits in the board of directors at evex aerospace was quoted by politico as saying that phoenix ghost can fly for longer than switchblade up to six hours debsula is reported to have said that phoenix ghost was a single used drone that launches vertically and that it can operate at night with infrared sensors the drone was effective against medium armor ground targets politico quoted dipshire as saying vector german technology for ukraine the ukrainian armed forces also use a surveillance drone from the german company quantum systems our drones are already in ukraine florian siebel ceo of the bavaria-based company told the german news network r d switchblade drones are also known as kamikaze drones because they self-destruct on impact optimized phoenix ghost phoenix ghost drones have similar capabilities but are not exactly the same as the switchblade kirby said david a retired lieutenant general who sits on the board of directors at evex aerospace was quoted by politico as saying that phoenix ghost can fly for longer than switchblade up to six hours dipshala is reported to have said that phoenix ghost was a single used drone that launches vertically and that it can operate at night with infrared sensors the drone was effective against medium armor ground targets politico quoted as saying vector german technology for ukraine the ukrainian armed forces also use a surveillance drone from the german company quantum systems our drones are already in ukraine florian siebel ceo of the bavaria based company told the german news network r d switchblade drones are also known as kamikaze drones because they self-destruct on impact optimized phoenix ghost phoenix ghost drones have similar capabilities but are not exactly the same as the switchblade kirby said david dipshala a retired lieutenant general who sits on the board of directors at evex aerospace was quoted by politico as saying that phoenix ghost can fly for longer than switchblade up to six hours dipshala is reported to have said that phoenix ghost was a single used drone that launches vertically and that it can operate at night with infrared sensors the drone was effective against medium armor ground targets politico quoted as saying vector german technology for ukraine the ukrainian armed forces also use a surveillance drone from the german company quantum systems our drones are already in ukraine florian siebel ceo of the bavaria based company told the german news network r d switchblade drones are also known as kamikaze drones because they self-destruct on impact optimized phoenix ghost phoenix ghost drones have similar capabilities but are not exactly the same as the switchblade kirby said david dipshala a retired lieutenant general who sits on the board of directors at hebex aerospace was quoted by politico as saying that phoenix ghost can fly for longer than switchblade up to six hours dipshala is reported to have said that phoenix ghost was a single used drone that launches vertically and that it can operate at night with infrared sensors the drone was effective against medium armor ground targets politico quoted as saying vector german technology for ukraine the ukrainian armed forces also a surveillance drone from the german company quantum systems our drones are already in ukraine florian siebel ceo of the valerio based company told the german news network r d switchblade drones are also known as kamikaze drones because they self-destruct on impact optimized phoenix ghost phoenix ghost drones have similar capabilities but are not exactly the same as the switchblade kirby said david dipshala a retired lieutenant general who sits on the board of directors at evex aerospace was quoted by politico as saying that phoenix ghost can fly for longer than switchblade up to six hours [ __ ] is reported to have said that phoenix ghost was a single used drone that launches vertically and that it can operate at night with infrared sensors the drone was effective against medium armor ground targets politico quoted [ __ ] as saying vector german technology for ukraine the ukrainian armed forces also used a surveillance drone from the german company quantum systems our drones are already in ukraine florian siebel ceo of the valerio based company told the german news network r d an aviation analyst amelia smith spotted that one of the drone videos indicated the drone had a new registration t253 not seen in ukraine before it had been spotted being tested in late march around the manufacturer's test facility in turkey suggesting it was newly supplied perhaps part of a new batch one week on russia said it had shot down nine tb2 drones which cost somewhere between 1 million dollars 820 000 pounds to 2 million each plus several other uncrewed aircraft in the battle for snake island while the claim is hard to verify control of the territory is still being contested for all the videoed strikes the tb2s are clearly militarily effective and are used for all their propaganda worth but it is not obvious they are militarily decisive the point is not lost on ukraine's president voladimir zelensky i who said in april with all due respect to beractor into any hardware i will tell you frankly this is a different war the 11-week conflict in which russia's invasion has stalled after capturing most of the south coast and some of the east of the country has become since the abortive attempt to take kiev largely a battle of tanks and artillery in which both sides exchange heavy and often unguided fires they fight over increasingly small amounts of territory ukrainian artillery fires in the carcass area trial by fire ukraine war becomes grueling artillery dual read more this is not to suggest that drones are irrelevant however it reflects in part the reality that for both sides the larger armed drones the tb2s on the ukrainian side and russia's nearest equivalent the orion drone have not been present in large numbers and once eliminated are not easy to replace sam bennett a drone expert with the us center for naval analyses think tank said the ukrainian military had taken advantage of the fact that russia did not control all the airspace and that it did not have persistent electronic warfare defenses with some very accurate and significant strikes but he added what is needed from their perspective is to do so on a much larger scale russian ui needed to counter the tb2 from the 2020 war between armenia and azerbaijan and nagorno-karabakh in which azerbaijan used turkish drones to knock out armenia's russian-designed tanks and gain a decisive advantage moscow had long lagged behind a drone technology said douglas berry an aerospace analyst at the international institute for strategic studies russia is having to play ketchup they have under-invested in this area since the early 1990s just as they under-invested across the board he said moscow started deploying orion combat drones in ukraine in march followed almost immediately by reports one had been shot down they went into the war with a limited supply the consequence of decisions made years ago perhaps with two or three dozen orions instead of having a larger number bendett said ukraine has wasted little opportunity in trying to demonstrate the homespun nature of russian drones videos of a downdoll in 10 reconnaissance drone being taken apart show it relies on a consumer canon dslr camera with key buttons glued into position and for its fuel tank parts of the water bottle including the screw on top no original part was made in russia the ukrainians conclude in the video and the true cost of the drone was estimated at three thousand dollars rather than the eighty thousand dollar to one hundred twenty thousand dollars official cost it is probably a reasonable estimate but in reality even turkish tb2 drones have relied on off-the-shelf components to keep costs down in the pace of the manufacturing up meanwhile as the war becomes increasingly attritional and armed drones are knocked out of the sky new drones are coming to the fore the u.s has agreed to supply the ukraine at least 700 of the less sophisticated single use or kamikaze switchblade 300 and 600 drones with a range of 6 or 25 miles loitering munitions that can hang in the sky and smash down with fearful effect on their target prof peter lee a drones expert at portsmouth university said that in a war where no side has control of the air the most significant use of drones has instead been for intelligence gathering and situational awareness exactly what aircraft were first used for 100 years ago each side has made heavy use of simple commercially available drones for reconnaissance with videos frequently released into the public domain such as an edited montage of footage of a russian armored column being ambushed in robbery east of kiev in march drone footage of artillery shelling attacks on armored vehicles and other fighting on both sides had become a routine feature of the warwick has been the demand for simple camera drones that china's dji the world's largest manufacturer chose in april to suspend sales of its easy keys drones to ukraine and more surprisingly to russia although it is unclear if the ban will have a meaningful effect one expert has estimated that ukraine is operating as many as 6 000 reconnaissance drones on the battlefield drones are not award-winning technology lee said but they are a war enabling technology and what we have seen is ukraine responding in a quicker and more agile way i write from ukraine where i've spent much of the past six months reporting on the build-up to the conflict and the grim reality of war it has been the most intense time of my 30-year career in december i visited the trenches outside and yet with the ukrainian army in january i went to mariupol and drove along the coast to crimea on february 24th i was with other colleagues in the ukrainian capital as the first russian bombs fail this is the biggest war in europe since 1945. it is for ukrainians an existential struggle against a new but familiar russian imperialism our team of reporters and editors intend to cover this war for as long as it lasts however expensive that may prove to be we are committed to telling the human stories of those caught up in war as well as the international dimension but we can't do this without the support of guardian readers it is your passion engagement and financial contributions which underpin our independent journalism and make it possible for us to report from places like ukraine if you are able to help with a monthly or single contribution it will boost our resources and enhance your ability to report the truth about what is happening in this terrible conflict thank you but i don't know if that can erase all the past and the pettiness a reflection of the emptiness hilarious
2022-07-23 08:52
